1 883.! 
an Ethnological Study , 
143 
violence, and murder need no other incentives than their 
own evil passions and lust.” * What will be the condition 
of the United States when, if ever, this race has the power 
to eledt judges, governors, and legislative bodies, needs no 
description. That the Aryan race will submit is impossible, 
and the consequence must be, I fear, a civil war far more 
bloody than the last, because a war not of parties, but of 
races. 
Prof. Gilliam predicts grievous results from the co-exist- 
ence of two incompatible races, but, as it seems to me, on 
questionable grounds. He writes : — “ If the blood of the 
black population cannot commingle with that of the whites 
[and he has himself shown that this is impossible] social 
advancement ceases at an early stage ; the higher social 
planes are incapable of attainment, whereby is broken a 
fundamental social law that allows the individual full free- 
dom to rise or fall in the social scale without hindrance 
from race prejudice or prestige.” Here the author mis- 
states the issue : the obstacle to the rise of the Negro is not 
“ race prejudice or prestige,” but racial inferiority. The 
“ fundamental social law ” of which he speaks can hold good 
only within the boundaries of a race. I admit that an ave- 
rage Aryan, be he American, Englishman, Irishman, 
Frenchman, or German, is the equal of any other average 
Aryan, and may claim equal scope. I admit that the indi- 
vidual Negro is the equal of another individual average 
Negro, but I cannot admit that the average Negro is the 
equal of the average Aryan. If politicians, economists, 
ethicists, or the like, place him on an artificial equality, they 
are the law-breakers, and must be held answerable for the 
consequences. What the blacks can do when set free, and 
allowed to take the reins into their own hands, may be seen 
in Haiti, where now for nearly a century they have played 
at empires and republics — a laughable farce did it not involve 
the ruin and waste of a lovely and fertile island. 
Prof. Gilliam continues, still overlooking the innate hete- 
rogeneity and disparity of the two races : — “ That is the 
healthiest society which is the freest, which gives the fullest 
play to individual intelligence and energy ; and in such a 
social state we note a tendency on the part of the rich upper 
class to sink, and the poor labouring class to rise.” The 
relation of the white to the black is not, as I must here 
again remark, that of the rich to the poor. It is to be here 
also noted that the Professor seems to conceive of an upper 
Naturalist in Nicaragua, p. 64. 
