i66 
Analyses of Books. 
[March, 
dressing for wounds was a mixture of finely pounded sugar and 
brandy. But we turn with especial interest to his observations 
on the various animals which were for so many years his con- 
stant and close companions. The first point to be noted is one 
which bears upon the distindt nature of species. Many experi- 
ments at hybridisation have, we know, failed, the young half- 
breeds produced being brought into the world dead or surviving 
but for a short time. But so greatly is the reproductive power of 
many animals affected by changes of climate, of diet, and other 
conditions, that their young of unmixed blood, born in captivity, 
rarely survive. Faimali had about eighty lion-cubs born in his 
menageries, but none of them survived beyond the third or fourth 
year. Young leopards generally died before the end of their first 
year, or became paralytic. The young of many other species 
are weak, and suffer from rachitis. A singular fadt is that the 
mother often kills the young brood, or at least refuses to suckle 
them, unless kept in darkness for several days after their birth. 
This circumstance is noted in the case of the hyaena, the wolf, 
the lioness, the panther, and the tigress. 
In docility, intelligence, and disposition towards mankind the 
large Carnivora differ greatly. The leopard is probably the most 
docile and affedtionate ; the jaguar less easily trained, and pro- 
bably a more dangerous playfellow than any other member of 
the cat family : it cannot easily be made to let go whatsoever it 
has once seized. 
In one and the same species Faimali recognises individuality 
as distinctly as in man. The degree of docility depends, ac- 
cording to him, upon the varying power of attention. The 
education of beasts should not be undertaken too early ; a lion 
learns best in his third or fourth year. If taken in hand too soon 
he becomes confused, and is spoiled. It is remarked that lions 
from the Cape are cleverer and more docile than those from the 
Sahara or Senegambia. 
The hyasna is pronounced to be the most stupid of all the 
animals exhibited in menageries ; “ it shows no attachment to 
its keeper, no gratitude for kindness, learns nothing, and is influ- 
enced only by fear.” 
Faimali possessed a very large white bear, but never entered 
its cage, as it never would obey him. With the black bear of 
Europe he often went through his performances, sometimes not 
without danger. We do not learn that either he or any of his 
contemporaries or successors ever attempted to tame a “ grizzly.” 
We suspedt this would prove a desperate undertaking. 
Faimali’s observations on apes and monkeys are in conformity 
with the views of the New School. He considers the chimpan- 
zee the most intelligent animal which came under his observation. 
He notes that he never saw one of this species “ perform the 
last stage of digestion ” in public. This is an instance of decency 
superior to that shown by many of the human race, and contrast's 
