230 
[April, 
Analyses of Books. 
Evolutionist point of view, the conscious and the unconscious 
element of the soul, memory, animal instincft, the struggle for 
existence between nations, necessity as the power impelling to 
improvement, and the pessimistic and optimistic side of Dar- 
winism. 
We have thus briefly expounded, without either seeking to 
advocate or to controvert, the principal portion of Dr. Dreher’s 
views. Those of our readers who are anxious to get to the 
bottom of the Evolutionist philosophy will do well to give this 
book a most careful study. 
The Gardens of the Sun; or a Naturalist's Journal on the 
Mountains and in the Forests and Swamps of Borneo and 
the Sulu Archipelago. By F. W. Burbidge, Trinity College 
Botanical Gardens, Dublin, and formerly of the Royal 
Gardens, Kew. London : John Murray. 
Since the days of Arnold and Horsfield, and still more since the 
memorable expedition of Mr. A. R. Wallace, the Malay Archi- 
pelago has been for naturalists a veritable promised land. To 
those who, like ourselves, have not had the felicity of a personal 
sojourn in these islands, every faithful record of observations 
there is most warmly welcome. 
The author of the book before us is evidently an able and en- 
thusiastic botanist and plant-hunter. With animal life he is less 
conversant. We find here relatively little information on the 
distribution and the habits of birds and inserts, and in compara- 
tive psychology Mr. Burbidge does not show to advantage. Of 
this the following passage is ample proof : — “ After all the 
orang-utan is a poor creature, with but an outer resemblance to 
the human species. In intelligence he is not only far below the 
lowest savage, but even inferior to the horse or the dog. No 
amount of teaching will make the orang-utan or any other ape 
practically useful to man. Do all we can for them in a state of 
confinement they are simply big helpless monkeys to the last.” 
Anyone who has closely and candidly observed the mias or the 
chimpanzee in confinement cannot fail to perceive that, lacking- 
all the advantages of hereditary training, and suffering from ill- 
health, as they invariably do in confinement, they are still vastly 
superior in intelligence to the horse, the dog, or the elephant. 
Whether or no they can be made “ practically useful to man ” is 
a totally irrelevant and non-scientific consideration. 
Like Mr. Wallace, the author defends the natives of the 
Eastern Islands from random accusations. He maintains that 
