338 
The Scope and Provinces of Zoology. [June, 
speculations, that union cannot with propriety extend to a 
tabulation of the provinces of zoology. The African depu- 
tation of Polypterus may incite to a little speculation as to 
the “how,” for can it be declared that the Polypterus of the 
Senegal and of the Upper Nile are independently originated 
by homoplastic agencies when we refledd on the extensive 
similarity of the piscine fauna of the Upper Nile and West 
Africa? Yet the comparative chorology of the Dipnoi and 
Osteoglossidse (vide “ Study of Fish,” p. 223) is a topic 
surely worthy of being discussed without reference to physio- 
graphical changes or the oecology of dispersal. “ Distri- 
bution” and “cetiology” share the last chapter of Professor 
Huxley’s “ The Crayfish,” It is divided into nine seditions, 
of which the first six treat of distribution, diffusion not being 
here discussed, consequently Professor Haeckel’s “ Perilogy” and 
its competitor, Dr. Miv art's “ Hexicology ” (terms affiliating 
the study of environment generally and therefore of dispersal, 
to Chorology), are not needed. 
Professor Haeckel and Dr. Mivart employ two other rival 
words. The footnote to page 2 of “ The Cat” runs thus ■ 
“ The word Psychology is here used in its wide and (as the 
author believes) in its proper sense as embracing Physiology 
•within its scope,” and Chapter xi., §§, 5 17, demonstrates 
that Dr. Mivart means what he says. Professor Haeckel’s 
new word “ Ergology” comprises Physiology and Psycho- 
logy. The “Physiology” of “The Crayfish” enters the 
realm of “ Psychology.” Dr. Letourneau, contributing the 
volume “ Biology” to the Library of Contemporary Science, 
states : — “ Under the designation ‘ Biology’ we merely place 
the exposition and the co-ordination of all the great fadds 
and great laws of life, or nearly what is usually understood 
by “ General Physiology,” when this denomination is applied 
to the two organic kingdoms. In this volume we have 
simply attempted to state concisely what life is, and how 
organised beings are nourished, grow, are reproduced, move, 
feel, and think.” We thus have a choice of four words — 
Biology, Physiology, Psychology, and Ergology, the^adoption 
of any one of which means that splenic undulations and felo de 
se fall within the same province ; the study of innervation, 
reflex addion, consciousness, &c., furnishing a series of gra- 
dations from the one to the other. Notwithstanding, some 
may be disposed to adopt Physiology and Psychology as 
primary and co-equal provinces, a procedure sufficiently 
pardonable to deserve refutation here. Omitting for the 
moment the question of consciousness (which may belong to 
“ metaphysics ”), under which province are the various other 
