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Analyses of Books. 
time one of the Professors. William Logan’s college career, 
however, soon came to an end, for, in 1817, he went to London, 
and took a position in the mercantile establishment of his uncle, 
Hart Logan. Here he remained for many years, and would 
doubtless have been entirely lost to Science but for what is con- 
ventionally called an accident. His uncle became connected 
with some mining and metallurgical speculations in Wales. 
William Logan accordingly removed to Swansea in 1831, to look 
after his interests, and it is only then, in his thirty-third year, that 
his life, from our point of view, may be said to have begun. 
Here he attended, in the first place, to copper smelting and coal 
mining. He was led to study the question of the origin of the 
latter mineral, and the structure of the Glamorganshire coal field. 
With that unlimited capacity for hard work which was one of the 
main features of his character, he contrived, in his spare time, to 
produce a good geological map of the district. This map he 
handed over to Sir Henry de la Beche, when the Geological 
Survey of South Wales was begun. It was accepted and 
officially adopted. In 1837, Logan was eledted a Fellow of the 
Geological Society, and in the same year his map of the South 
Wales coal region was exhibited at the Liverpool Meeting of the 
British Association, and was much admired. He was an adtive 
worker for the Royal Institution of South Wales, which he served 
in the capacities of Honorary Secretary and Curator of the Geolo- 
gical Department, and which he enriched with an extensive 
colledtion of minerals and metallurgical produdts, as well as with 
an assortment of Canadian birds, many of them previously un- 
described. These he had both shot and stuffed himself, when 
on a visit to his native country. 
His greatest achievement during his stay in Wales was his 
establishment of the growth of coal in situ. He showed that the 
so-called “underclay,” invariably occurring beneath the coal- 
seams, always contained the roots of a tree then known as Stig- 
maria ficoides , but now proved to be a Sigillaria. These roots 
were in such positions that they could not have drifted, but must 
have grown on the spot. These observations, which have been 
confirmed by investigations made in Germany, Nova Scotia, the 
United States, and elsewhere, were laid by Logan before the 
Geological Society in February, 1840. In the same year he left 
England for Canada, with the intention of there continuing his 
geological researches. 
Here he drew up, and communicated to the Geological Society, 
a paper on the packing of ice in the St. Lawrence and its geolo- 
gical adtion. He visited the coal fields of Pennsylvania, and was 
gratified to find beneath every seam the underclay, and the Stig- 
marice, just as in South Wales. During this journey he met 
with Lyell, at New York. 
The question of a geological survey of Canada had from time 
to time been mooted since 1832, but it was not untill 1842 that a 
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