732 
Canine Intelligence. 
[December, 
light-loving, it is very possible — indeed probable — that these 
preferences for colours will be of a very different kind, 
perhaps even reversed. 
same. 
VIII. CANINE INTELLIGENCE. 
I. 
O Newton and to Newton’s dog Diamond, what a 
different pair of Universes ; while the painting in 
the optical retina of both was, most likely, the 
So writes Mr. Carlyle in the First Book of his 
“ French Revolution.” Different indeed ; if we can be 
permitted without extravagance to speak of the Universe as 
existing at all for Diamond, or allowed, except in hyperbole, 
to set side by side a conception of ultimate generality, like 
the Universe, the summation of all conceptions, and “ the 
painting on the optical retina.” Mr. Carlyle’s meaning is, 
however, clear, and his thought profound. Given two 
different minds, and the same fadts : how different are the 
products ! In the thought called up by the sight of the 
simplest objedt we give far more than we receive ; and what 
we give is a special resultant of inheritance and individual 
acquisition. No two of us give the same in amount or in 
quality. It is not too much to say that for no two human 
beings is the world we live in quite the same. 
And if for no two human beings is the world we live in 
quite the same, how different must be the world of man 
from the world of the dog, —the world of Newton from the 
world of Diamond. It is difficult enough for us to put our- 
selves in the place of children, of farm labourers, of savages, 
— to think ourselves into their modes of thought. Difficult 
or impossible. And yet the ratio of the senses , if I may use 
the expression, is the same, or much the same, for savage 
and civilised. For both, sight and touch are the dominant 
senses ; hearing, smell, and taste being subsidiary. ^ But in 
the dog the ratio is by no means the same. Not sight and 
touch, but sight and smell are the dominant senses. And 
so great a difference must this alone make that we can but 
