1884.] 
Greenland Expedition. 
23 
surface, a portion may move to places where there is an 
excess of heat, but not sufficient to consume the imported 
ice, which becomes perennial.” F 
“ The growth of perennial ice within the Arctic zone ” “is 
fi m °A St f I ? tlr . el y confi ned to the polar land section, Greenland, 
wm rchl f e as °’- a ". d scattered islands.” I distinguish be- 
tween astronomical and meteorological zones; the lands 
“W"* to the continents Asia, Europe, and America 
outside thi° - ar i C ‘u f are flot s tri «>y Pdar, whereas lands 
outside that circle belong to the polar section. “ Many ice- 
bergs are destroyed within the Ardtic lake and its outlets ; 
others enter the Atlantic, and melt about the bank of New- 
toundland, and between 44 0 and $2° W. Ion? ” 
" We ma { ™ thaVin Greenland,” ‘?and in the more 
extensive islands, the east coasts are more precipitous, 
with little extension up to their crests. We may infer 
chiefly with regard to Greenland, that the western shore! 
less elevated and comparatively free from ice, sufficiently 
rises inland to give to the interior and its ice-fields between 
east and west the shape of a trough. We may consider it 
likely that in the north-east of Greenland, to the west of 
the pemnsula or ^and chain (Parti.), reaching almost to 
87 N. lat., there is about 82° 20' lat. the mouth of a com- 
^wlLlnAfriitle!” nVel '' ° CCUPyin§ " P ° Siti0n Similar t0 
. , Pa f e 278 : “ As west coasts of Greenland and the 
islands are most free from land ice, the excess in the depo- 
sition of water must fall on the east and the interior It 
must come with the reflux of the polar atmosphere, by as- 
piration after the warm ocean stream has been reversed at 
the North of Europe and Asia, and the atmospheric currents 
have been partly reversed, from east to west, from the west 
coasts of Nova Zemlya and the west coasts of the spurs of 
the Uial and the Siberian peninsula, and have partly sped 
America ” Dd ’ t0 S ° Utl1 ’ throu S h Siberia and North 
I also pointed out similarities of the Arctic section Green- 
Jand, and the Archipelago at its west, with the sub-sedtion 
ol the middle segment,” Scandinavia with Finland at its 
east, but remarked that they are inverse in position as to 
west and east, the elevated borders in Greenland bein°- 
placed inversely as the “Appalachians and Cordillera,” the 
greater elevation facing the greater ocean, according to 
Dana’s rule. b 
When Baron Nordenskjoeld cautiously says “ The country 
or more correctly the ice , now gradually rose from 963 to 
