1884 .] 
Analyses of Boohs. 487 
cool, &c.” It may be asked how this agrees with the full admis- 
sion of the predominant importance of heredity, of the supremacy 
of nature over nurture, which we find in the beginning of 
Chapter V. ? The author there justly asks whether it was educa- 
tion “ that made the contrast between Newton and Boswell ? or 
Henry Ivirke White and Edgar Allan Poe ?” And if training in 
youth, when the system is still mobile, is of less importance 
than blood, can we be seriously asked to believe that the adult 
man or woman can revolutionise his or her constitution or 
characfter ? 
But supposing that we accept the author’s theory as regards 
man and the vertebrates generally, are the practical applications 
which he thinks it admits of as important as he supposes ? He, 
in common with Mr. Greg, speaks of the “ lamentable excess of 
women.’ But this is due not to physiological or moral causes, 
but to economical conditions. An immense number of men, in 
this age of mad competition, are shut out from marriage by the 
simple impossibility of maintaining a wife and family. What is 
needed is that the supply, both of men and women, should be 
within the demand, and this can be done only by confining the 
perpetuation of the species — as in the case of the domestic 
animals — to the elite. The redundancy of women has been 
greatly fostered by those social bacilli — if we may use the expres- 
sion — who are striving to sow enmity between the two sexes, 
and to “undifferentiate” our species by setting women to do 
men’s work. For every woman who edges herself into a profes- 
sion it is safe to say that at least one other woman is doomed to 
join the “ redundant ” class whose existence is lamented. We 
are, therefore, glad to find that a needed rebuke is here 
administered to a lady who has made herself prominent both 
in promoting antagonism between man and woman and in 
throwing obstacles in the path of biological research. 
Taken as a whole the work literally teems with interesting 
matter, and there are numbers of passages which would be well 
worthy of attentive discussion did space allow. 
Sleep-Walking and Hypnotism. By D. Hack Tuke, M.D., 
LL.D. London : J. and A. Churchill. 
The subjeCt of sleep-walking is not unnaturally attracting no 
small share of attention. Connected as it is with epilepsy, with 
insanity, and with what is known sometimes as Mesmerism and 
sometimes as Hypnotism, its study may aid in solving certain 
of the most interesting problems, both physiological and psycho- 
logical. We are therefore glad to find that so competent an 
