i 884-] Juice of the Cane and of the Beet-root. 519 
as a manufacturing process, for example, would the produc- 
a ]1 lzar in artificially be, if it could not be manufactured 
artificially at an equal or at a less cost than it cost to culti- 
vate the madder root, and extract the colour, as had hitherto 
been done, from that root. The beauty of the method for 
a 3 1 S C1 j C obtaining this colour would not be in the least 
attested by the result, and the discovery would still remain 
as beneficial to pure Science ; but as a manufacturing pro- 
cess it would have to be said that it had failed, if its manu- 
facture did not fulfil one of the conditions named. 
Liebig remarks, in the work I have referred to, that “ the 
financial laws of Continental States have selected sugar as 
an article to be taxed on importation ; and the Government of 
the States forming the German Customs Union received, as 
duty on 1,200,000 cwts. of sugar imported in 1846, £875,000, 
which made part of the sum required for the expenditure of 
these States. In the same year ninety-six manufacturers of 
beet-root sugar in the Union produced 334,320 cwts. of sugar 
from 4,446,469 cwts. of beet-root, and this sugar was con- 
sumed within the Union at the same price as the sugar 
imported from tropical countries. Had this beet-root sugar 
not been produced at home an equal weight of sugar would 
have been imported. In that case the State would have 
received 2,400,000 florins (£120,000), at the rate of 8f florins 
per cwt., which sum was paid to the manufacturers of beet- 
root sugar in the price of the sugar. Instead, therefore, of 
about 13 millions of florins, which the State would then have 
received, it received only io|- millions ; and it is plain that 
without the deficit of about 2 1- millions other taxes might 
have been diminished to that extent. The inhabitants of 
the Union, therefore, paid 2 £ millions of florins to the beet- 
root sugar manufacturers, and 2^ millions in other taxes. 
Each of the ninety-six manufacturers received, on an ave- 
rage, about 25,000 florins (£2000) from the population, 
without the latter having derived any advantage whatever 
from the payment. The satisfaction of eating sugar grown on 
our own soil is therefore purchased at a not inconsiderable 
sacrifice .” 
Before entering upon the question whether the manufac- 
ture of sugar from beet-root could have arisen— and if it had 
whether it would not have been confined to a very small 
area — if the manufacture of sugar from the cane had been 
carried on under as favourable conditions for the manufacture 
of that sugar as the manufacturers of beet-root sugar have 
enjoyed, independent altogether of the advantages they have 
derived from the bounty system, we will notice a few passages 
