378 The Domestic Animals in the “ Pile-Dwellings [July, 
lakes of Geneva and Neuchatel. Besides artificial objects 
of various kinds, the bones of animals were collected and 
removed to the Museum of Berne. Here they have been 
carefully studied and arranged by M. Th. Studer. the 
results of his investigations, of which we give a bnet 
abstract, maybe found in detail in the “ Transactions of 
the Berne Society of Naturalists ” (1883, Part II., No. 1042). 
From an examination of the artificial objects it appeals 
that the different stations along the shores of the lake 
represent very different stages of civilisation. Arranged in 
the order of time we have Schaffis, Lattrigen, Luscherz, 
Vinelz, and Moringen. M. de Fellenberg, who conducted 
the explorations on the Biebr Lake, gives the following 
sketch of the characteristics of these different stations . 
At Schaffis the production of implements of polished 
stone is only in its dawn, whilst fine tools of flint show the 
culminating point of the preceding epoch, the Palaeolithic. 
In accordance with the character of the stone-aiticles, and 
of the objects of horn and bone, is that of the pottery, 
which is not to be distinguished from that of the Cave- 
dwellers, and represents the first attempt in fiCtile ait. 
Lattrigen and Liischerz show a higher stage of culture. 
Here there is a profusion of objects of stone, hoin, and 
bone, and a finish in their workmanship such as is met with 
in no other station in Switzerland. In certain branches 01 
these manufactures we find marks of a kind of piospeiity, 
and even luxury, which fix the date of this station as 
belonging to the later Palaeolithic epoch. 
Another station at Liischerz, situate deeper in the lake, 
and that at Vinelz indicate further progress. Along with 
the stone and bone implements of the earlier epochs we find 
here stone hatchets, perforated to receive a handle, and thus 
giving the advantages of greater weight and of a double 
edge j or one side is to be used as an axe, and the othei as 
a hammer. The most important step, however, is the use 
of metals, and in the first place of copper, which is applied 
to tools modelled exactly after those of stone. 
Finally, at Moringer we find ourselves landed in the full 
development of the Bronze epoch. Tools of stone and 
bone are here completely superseded by manifold articles of 
bronze. The clumsy stone axe has given place to the bronze 
hatchet and the bronze sword. Prosperity is evinced by 
the numerous articles of personal decoration, armlets and 
anklets, &c. The frequent occurrence of grindstones, 
grain-crushers, grains of corn and bread, are signs of agri- 
cultural industry. 
