1884.] 
of the Biebr Lake. 
381 
find a certain decline in cattle-keeping. In the ox we per- 
ceive the beginning of a racial degeneration, whilst the 
sheep and goat reach their highest development in size and 
strength. 
At Moringen, which represents the Bronze epoch in its 
fullest bloom, we find a pidture totally different from those 
of earlier days. The remains of beasts of the chase are 
rare in comparison with those of domestic animals. The 
bones of the latter are much more broken up, as if with an 
increasing number of consumers a more minute subdivision 
of food had become necessary. The domestic races are 
almost all different from those of the Stone Ages. The 
sheep has come to the front in place of the former predo- 
minance of the ox. The race of sheep is distinctly new, 
whilst the cows are small and bear marks of degeneration. 
The pristine dogs have been superseded by the large wolf- 
hound, and the “ peat-swine ” is succeeded by the long-eared 
house-swine. A new domestic animal, the horse, makes its 
appearance, destined in future to play the most important 
part in the life of the European nations. It makes a turning- 
point in the existence of the pile-builders. The water, 
hitherto the only possible route for intercourse, is to a great 
extent replaced by the land-road, pradtically shortened by 
this swift-footed beast. Cattle-breeding gives place to agri- 
culture, and sheep are therefore kept as better fitted for 
browsing the stubble fields than oxen. 
The same changes occur in other pile-villages. Morges, a 
rich station on the Lake of Geneva, belonging to the Bronze 
Age, is the exadt counterpart of Moringen. The horse is 
there met with of the same small, fine-limbed race, and the 
sheep is represented by the hornless race of Moringen. The 
same is the case, according to Riitimeyer, at the Bronze 
stations of Chevroux and Cortaillod, on the Lake of Neuf- 
chatel. 
The above-mentioned changes in the domestic animals of 
the lake-dwellers of the Bronze Age can be explained only 
in part by the transformation of a nation of herdsmen into 
tillers of the soil. Such a change would scarcely explain 
the total disappearance of the earlier race and the sudden 
occurrence of new ones. We might therefore be tempted to 
accept the view of Troyan and Mortillet, who conned! the 
bloom of the Bronze epoch on the Swiss lakes with the im- 
migration of a new race of men, bringing with them new 
domestic animals. 
