[November, 
634 The Way to the Pole, and some 
divided by continents resembles lakes connected by streams 
and currents; their height and temperature change with 
seasons. . 
“The Arctic lake joins the others by three inlets. 1 he 
current of the warm stream which chiefly feeds it comes 
from Central America, from the longitude ot Pailon, through 
go 0 north by east ; it crosses the Ardtic circle in the meridian 
tangent to West Africa under the Equator ; its mean line of 
intensity is inclined 23 0 28' to the meridian. 
“ As the Central American waters are moved 7" 52' north 
by Panama, and in a second wave 6° 5 2 +3 5 2 = I ° 44 by 
South America, so they are moved through equal latitudes 
to Spitzbergen Bank and to Spitzbergen, and from the 
entrance of the White Sea to the north of Novaya Zemlya. 
The northward movement of the sun towards the ena of 
December is accompanied and followed by an increasing, 
accelerated, warmer flood of the stream. The water rises 
in the Ardtic lake through over three months, continues 
somewhat less time at about the same mean level, and then 
falls and stops through similar periods. The level within 
the lake itself and its outlets differs, and varies besides 
regionally. 
“ The waters leaving the Caribbean Sea at the end of 
December begin to arrive at the places named about the end 
of April and beginning of May ; having travelled within the 
circle through an arc of 23°28' + 3° 5 2 > they reach and round 
Cape Tcheljuskin, projecting io° 44' north of the ArCtic 
circle, before the summer solstice, gradually spread to 
Behring Strait, 46° 56', the diameter of the polar circle, dis- 
tant from the Maelstrom, their point of entrance in the circle 
and join the small current entering at high water through 
that strait from the Pacific Ocean. 
“The great stream, in the mean inclined 23 0 28' to the 
meridian, tends back south by east after having run through 
the 90° to the Arftic circle. As its current is, however, 
moved 3 0 52' farther north by the Finnian North Cape, the 
stream still further corresponding to Panama and South 
America north of the Equator, the greatest tendency of 
return south by east only sets in towards the east of the 
White Sea. The warm stream, cooling down to the greatest 
density of sea water, sinks therefore only east of that sea 
below the colder water and ice of the lake all along East 
Russia and West Siberia. It first presses from the deep 
against the ice-bound coasts, then, filling the lake, lifts the 
ice. Later on, when the flood still rises, the ocean current 
resisted, turned back by the land, has to move north towards 
