638 
The Way to the Pole , and some [November, 
regions ; the temperature becomes only locally lower when 
driCu-di“" beg,nS t0 melt the P™ c 'Pal'y ‘he 
wavef w?t 4 h ~^^ n 7 aP0Ur j 0 ? the Earth gets divi decl into 
with ascending and descending branches. The 
gieatest mass of vapour ascends from the tropics. As the ' 
inTld W rTl Ure ,” (with height) “ is ‘here more 
iapid, and with it the decrease of maximum tension of 
vapour precipitation as rainfall will also be greatest in the 
meteoiological tropics. But a portion of the originallv 
gieatest mass of ascending vapour penetrates, by the^relays 
sphere fhinner 7 preclpitation » 'he heights of the atmo- 
pheie , thinnei vapour waves, with greater radius and 
01 bit, and increasing velocity of ascent in the rarefied air 
oven each the smaller, more dense, and pass with their 
sorbet [ n v S ,he ran ,eS ° n t0 thC highest l^udes to be ab" 
soihed bythc sea as vapour; they bring cold in the air 
which becomes heat in the sea.” ’ 
pm II ‘*’~ 7 n tde highest latitudes, in the long nights of 
n eS10nS ’ and at tlmes in sub P° lai ' climttes* there 
is. little or no evaporation, but only absorption of ^pour 
waiming the sea. Capt. Nares found in the Ardtic remons 
he owest temperature of the sea ‘ during winter’ not a? 
the time of the greatest cold) ‘ - 2 -o8° C.,’ for only whence 
aim season begins this temperature sinks below that of 
l thlS 1S ~°' 43 ° m excess of - r666° : he also found 
the water on several occasions at the surface lower in tern 
havlno- 1 " the^hke t f q° f the underl ying stratum, absorption 
llke effea as evaporation,— not the salt but the 
yet nearer” t h r+^o?h W " m m ° St dense > being bel °^ 
yet neaier, the +4 1 ,than in the somewhat warmer climates 
nvice^ou^'KThes 116 , differenCe r° Unted t0 - 83 ° almost* 
d 3 • . these observations had been regular the ave- 
LT- C£SS ! n the lmmed iate substratum below about riT 
would have been 0-43°.” 1 1 
direalons 6 ’^ ^^ IeaVeS the . u PP er stratum in opposite 
directions , the sea decomposes the r666° between sea and 
phk U ™d ng ra^n va P°-. a f“nd,ng into the atmo 
cffio weight ” Thi brine, which sinks by increased spe- 
cmc weight. 1 his is true for the Polar regions wiih *7 
negative sign ; the -277° of the tide a? PaS 5 V h 
close to -i-666°+ (-1*2310). d at Ca P e Sabine were 
-r666°f‘‘ i7 ll he r f aS0n / 0r this high temperature ” (the 
00 ) is, sea- water of normal saltness below i‘666° 
and under pressure of one air atmosphere, does not attract’ 
a ttrafts°;heVap P o°ur? “ ‘ S n0t * he Water but **« sa “ which 
