1884.] 
Hylo-Idealism : a Defence. 
703 
reason. We have seen that the formation of concepts is a 
necessary mental process, and no concept can be formed 
save by a perception of the analogy between two or more 
ideas. Concepts, of course, may be true or false, as the 
analogy is superficial or profound ; in this case the more 
closely the analogy, or rather homology, is investigated, the 
more profound it appears. 
At last, then, we have arrived at something which we can 
regard as an adtual and adtive existence, independent of the 
individual Ego, but like it ; in fadt it is another individual 
Ego. And this inferred existence Prof. Clifford proposes to 
call the “ ejedt,” because, as he says, it is “ thrown out ” of 
consciousness.* This seems not a very happy term ; how- 
ever, I shall use it for the present. 
All that I know of the “ ejedt ” I infer from my observa- 
tion of that complexus of phenomena which is like my body, 
and which I call his or its body. Now, when I modify that 
complexus in any way — say by a pin-prick — I find (from 
signs which I learn to interpret analogically) that I have 
aroused a train of feelings, resembling those which are 
aroused when I prick my own finger. These feelings, like 
my own, are manifestations of some adtive Entity, and this 
Entity is not dependent on my mind for existence. The 
pin-prick, or, as I may call it, the stimulus , is genetically 
connected with this train of feelings, just as the feelings are 
connected with each other, — sensation with idea, idea with 
concept, — consequently it must be linked with them by some 
Entity, some “ Ding-an-sich,” upon which I have been 
working. And evidently, when I modified the group of phe- 
nomena called the finger, I adted on a part of that Entity. 
That is, the human body is the manifestation of a “ Thing- 
in-itself.” Let us now get rid of the word “ ejedt,” and call 
the body and mind of my fellow-creature, taken together, 
the project. 
By further investigation I find (in a way which I need not 
detail to readers of the “Journal of Science”) that the 
phenomenal or physical chain is unbroken ; that the stimulus 
is followed by the transmission along a nerve of a wave of 
disturbance ; that this passes to the brain, occasioning there 
new and complex molecular motions, resulting in the sending 
outward of another nerve-wave, and finally in the contraction 
of a muscle. I also learn that every psychosis is accom- 
panied by brain-waste ; that if the brain be injured, or 
insufficiently fed, no psychoses are produced ; and that if it 
* Dr. Lewins has been in the habit of terming it “ project," as a substitute 
for the Kantian “object." 
