[March, 
176 Analyses of Books. 
“ Relation of Man to the Globe,” delivered by Emerson as far 
back as 1833, “ will be found to contain a theory of Evolution 
similar to that popularised eleven years later.” But the ment ot 
Darwin lies not in his having been the first to suggest the idea 
of Organic Evolution, which he certainly was not, but in his 
working the subject out and placing it on a definite foundation. 
Mr. Alexander Dunbar, in an article entitled “ The Wages of 
Unrighteousness,” makes the singular remark that “ it would be 
well if all a clergyman’s spare time were spent in knocking balls 
about and worrying dumb animals.” We always feel a grudge 
against anyone who uses the cant expression “ dumb animals. 
The majority of vertebrates and arthropods are not “ dumb in 
any rational sense of the word, and, in ninety-nine cases out 0 
a hundred, if an animal is truthfully designated as “ dumb, its 
dumbness is quite irrelevant. . 
Elsewhere the same writer remarks, very justly, “ I here is so 
much to be done in every department of human knowledge 
which is not profitable that it seems almost a duty foi anyone 
with means and leisure to take up some work of the sort. There 
is probably not a country parish in England in which a diligent 
naturalist might not make useful observations. But unloi- 
tunately the tendency of the age is more and more to prevent 
anyone from having both means and leisure. _ 
“ Evolution as its own End ” is not, we think, a memoir 01 
the kind which most readers would expea from its title. 
In an address delivered, or supposed to have been dehveied, 
by a condemned criminal in France, we find some significant 
passages. Concerning the apprenticeship system, the only gate- 
way at present to a praaical acquaintance with any mechanical 
trade, he says — “Labour! don’t believe it. I he apprentice is 
the common fag ; he goes on errands ; he endures cuises and 
kicks from the older men, but he works little or not at all ; ” and 
again, Society “ knows that the atmosphere of the woikshop, 
morally and physically, is injurious to the very young and the 
untrained, and it permits them to be sent into those dens which 
seem made to corrupt the mind and debilitate the body. W ho, 
after reading such confessions, will not congratulate himself on 
being under the industrial regime , lauded by the modern apostle 
Comte and by others ? It is to be noted, further, that the cri- 
minal says — “ My father was a drunkard, my mother a hysterical 
epileptic.” Could Society by any means train the offspring of 
such parents to be other than a curse ? 
