Notes. 
247 
1885.] 
entire lobi optici are conne&ed with equilibrium and locomotion, 
but merely a circumscribed spot at their base. Before and be- 
hind it are two parts connected with respiration. 
“ The Medical Press and Circular ” has done good service by 
its exposure of the alleged “ faith-healing ” operations of the 
“ Salvation Army ” in Staffordshire. 
M. Dareste has proved, by comparative experiments, that the 
turning of eggs during incubation is essential to the healthy 
development of the embryo. Eight eggs kept motionless under 
an incubator did not yield a single living chick. Eight similar 
eggs placed under a similar incubator produced six living chicks ; 
the seventh egg, which was opened on the twenty-second day, 
contained a living, well-formed chick. Qucere : the origin of the 
egg-turning instindt in hens during incubation ? 
Alfred Nehring (“ Naturforscher ”), on comparing the skulls 
of pre-historical domestic dogs with those of wolves, finds no 
essential difference save in the smaller size of the superior 
canine, — a point in which wolves vary greatly. He considers 
that the larger races of dogs are descended from the wolf and 
the smaller from the jackal. 
Prof. Campbell Brown, at a meeting of the Liverpool Sedtion 
of the Society of Chemical Industry, declared his belief that 
“ Examinations would never be able to determine who was the 
best practical man. They had signally failed to do so in the 
universities in this country, and probably everywhere else. He 
believed the system of examinations so enthusiastically carried 
on at South Kensington was responsible for a great deal of the 
mistaken energy which had been devoted to this kind of cram- 
ming for Science and Art Examinations. But when they looked 
away from the examinations, and saw what was being done in 
the way of teaching, they found a very different account. It was 
not by examinations, but by the teachers looking over the work 
from day to day and from week to week, and making a report of 
what was done, that they could pick out the best boy for prac- 
tical work. In the ordinary examinations a boy might not be 
very well on the day he had to write his answers. He had 
known men who were perfectly capable of becoming senior 
wranglers that could not pass because they had the toothache 
the night before.” The nation is evidently awaking, and then 
“ good night ” to the Department. 
A spirit is described as saying (“ Light ”) “ The butterfly 
would not recognise in the chrysalis a fellow-creature.” The 
spirit is in error. Male butterflies have been observed keeping 
guard over a chrysalis from which a female of their own species 
was likely soon to issue. 
