288 
The Inter-Relations of the Senses. 
[May, 
chromatic impression occupying an intermediate position 
between the impressions produced by the component vowels. 
Voices appear variously coloured, according to their 
timbre ; the subjedt observed a recognised yellow, red, 
green, and blue voices. Blue voices are the most common 
and green the rarest. 
The observations by Signor Ughetti, as published in “ La 
Natura ” of 1884, are more precise. His observations have 
been made upon a physician, Dr. Z., a man of about 40 
years of age. This gentleman, when a student, noticed, to 
his no small surprise, that for him a was black, e yellow, 
i red, 0 white, and u (in Italian, 00 in English) coffee 
coloured. Since that time his chromatic impressions have 
not varied, and he declares that it is impossible for him to 
change them by any adt of the imagination. The simple 
utterance of the vowel e (Italian), calls up in his brain the 
same notion as the word “ yellow.” 
In conversation Dr. Z., unlike M. Pedrono’s subjedt, can- 
not distinguish the colour belonging to each vowel on account 
of the rapid succession of the words. It is different, how- 
ever, when the same vowel occurs repeatedly in any word. 
Thus, for him ballata is black, horoscope white, neve yellow, 
liri red, mai black and red. His chromo-acoustic gamut, it 
we may use the expression, comprises white, black, red, 
orange, and yeliow, but neither green nor blue. 
Dr. Z., like Pedrono’s subjedt, ascribes a specific colour 
to the sound of each instrument. To him the sound of the 
flute is always red, ranging from a dark red in the lower 
notes to a light red in the upper. Yellow predominates in 
the clarionet, the guitar and the trumpet are gold-yellow, 
and the piano white ! 
One of the sounds which produce upon him the best 
defined effedts is the whistle of a steamer on setting out. 
Its sharp metallic clangour varies from a dark red to a light 
red, according to its degree of acuteness, so that he is in the 
habit of saying that the whistle of one ship is redder than 
that of another. Locomotive whistles which have more 
varied modulations pass from red to white. 
Berti’s subjedt has different sensations from those of Dr. Z. 
With him u (00) is not coffee-coloured but dark blue, and e 
grey instead of orange. 
Among 596 persons questioned by Bleuller and Lehmann, 
in Germany 75 answered invariably that a was black, 0 white, 
and i red. 
Lussance reports that two brothers, students at Padua, 
saw deep voices as black and high ones as red. 
