1885.] Chemical Elements .” 383 
form the proportion N : Cl = Si : 2Fe (the equivalency of 
Fe with its division into unequally constituted atoms), — 
14*188 : 35*470 = 22*221 : (27*688 x 2). 
If the atom of Fe should have a characteristic in less or 
more (which I doubt, because the o*688 is pretty near the 
1—40 of the 27) — (ref.), there is a group of complementary 
elements; atom Fe is then about equivalent to Cl — O. 
The density of liquid chlorine to solid iron is about 1*33 x 5*7; 
5*7 is the density of the Earth, and a figure of mark for 
water (ref.). 
S must prominently co-operate in the reduction of ele- 
ments to Fe ; therefore — 
S : Fe=i6*ii4 : 27*688 = 1 : 1*72 
(manganese, 27*716; chromium, 28*191; cobalt, 29*568; 
nickel, 29*622 ; copper, 31*707; zinc, 32*311). — 
S : Mn = 1 : 1*73, S : Cr=i : 1*75, S : Co = i : 1*83, 
S : Ni = 1 : 1*84, 
and overstepping the boundary — 
S ; Cu = 1 : 1*199, and S : Zn — 1 : 2*07, the 1*72 x 1*15 (ref.). 
(Cadmium, 55*833; tin, 58*920; lead, 103*728). — 
Zn : Cd = i : 1*72, Cu : Sn = i : 1*77, Zn : Sn = i : 1*8, 
Sn : Pb = 1 : 1*75. 
(Boron, 10*914 (about O + 3H) ; fluorine, 18*734 ; phos- 
phorus, 31*536). B : F = 1 : 17, F : P = i : 1*73. 
Selenium, 39*631 (near Ka as Mg to C). — 
Se : Ba = 1 : 171, and Ka : Ba = 1 : 1*72. 
Strontium, 43*854 to Ba only ^9*013, to Br 1 : 1*78, but — 
(Arsenic, 75*330; antimony, 129*244). Sr : As = i : 172, 
As : Sb = 1 : 1*72. 
Bismuth, if 71*070, to Sb 1 : 173, Bi and Sb standing 
quite opposed in the thermo-eleCtric series. Others take 
Bi 71*070x3.* Bi is almost always “ native.” It has no 
proportional respondent element, bringing it within the 
* In “ On the Atom and on Heat ” I saw reasons to prefer this figure. I 
discussed at length the cause of the thermo-eleCtric position of Bi and Sb, 
and the reasons why the elementary quality of Bi, and far more of Hg, might 
be doubted ; or which might be, if they were elements, the causes of the 
distinctive features which seemed to separate them from the systemic elements, 
and which were the nature and characteristics of what might be called the 
transition or intermediate elements. 
