( 750 ) 
[December, 
NOTES. 
Time, space, substance, motion, shapes : these five embrace 
and include the whole of existence or being. They cannot be 
defined in terms of each other; time and space are not substan- 
tial entities. Time is simply time, and space is simply space. 
ime and space could never have begun to be, can never cease 
to be, but must just be always. Motion and shapes, though 
entirely dependent upon substance, are, nevertheless, not sub- 
stance : light, heat, electricity, sound, &c., are actually not 
substance, but motion: stars, clouds, hills, stones, atoms, &c., 
are actually not substance, but shapes. Motion and shapes can 
begin to be, and can cease to be, therefore they constitute the 
creation. Motion is not force ; force is that which produces 
motion ; force is in substance ; force is, in lact, substance. And 
it is actually inconceivable how aught else can produce motion 
except will ; hence force must be called ‘ Will-force.’ Substance, 
therefore, which is actually spirit, must have will-force, or it 
could not move itself into shapes. Those are the conclusions at 
which modern philosophic science is already arrived, and who- 
ever has not heard them is not abreast of the age.” 
By the lamented death of Dr. W. B. Carpenter, F.R.S., the 
Royal Microscopical Society has lost one of its most valued 
bellows: his work as a physiologist, and in connection with the 
University of London, has been already noticed in the various 
caily and other journals. His experience in the use of the 
micioscope dates from a short time after the introduction of the 
achromatic instrument into this country; he is best known as an 
histolog ist by his researches on the Structure of the Shells of 
Mollusca, undeitaken almost at the outset of his microscopical 
career, but considerably modified by his subsequent observa- 
tions. The structure of Foraminifera was a subject he had 
made especially his own, and enabled him to pronounce a decided 
opinion as to the nature of a, at the time, much disputed fossil, 
bozoon tanadensc, specimens of which, prepared by himself 
may be seen in the collection of the Royal Microscopical Society’ 
and an inspection of which will do more to assist the micro- 
geologist than reading the whole series of controversial papers 
issued some years ago on the difficult subject of its real nature 
He not merely examined the results of deep-sea dredffii-ms but 
accompanied more than one deep-sea expedition, and,\lthouMi 
notone of the “Challenger” scientific voyagers, he did much 
towards working up that portion of the collection with which he 
was best acquainted. He was President of the Royal Micro- 
