the advantages of reading a paper before an audience in whom unity in 
variety exists, that the arguments may be criticised with any amount of 
keenness, provided the criticism be based on sufficient data. (Hear, hear .) 
I have also noticed from time to time, that in papers read to mixed audiences, 
as critic after critic rises up, the authors of the papers have very little to 
reply to, because the several critics answer each other as the discussion 
goes on. In the present instance I am much obliged to Mr. Howard 
and Mr. Harrison, who have already anticipated my remarks in reply 
to Dr. Carrey, who spoke first of all with regard to species. Perhaps 
I may be allowed to $ay here, with regard to the paper before me, 
that I mention in the prefatory portion of it that I was dealing with 
the subject only in an elementary and suggestive manner; and I am 
glad to find that, to some extent, my suggestions have been taken up. I also 
feel that if I had written a much longer paper, it would not be so satis- 
factory as it now is to go away with the knowledge that I have been criticised 
for not being long enough, inasmuch as this is a fault which, generally 
speaking, we clergy are not often found guilty of. With regard to the 
allusion which has been made to distinct varieties, which have been clearly 
marked, and preserved through successive generations, we must remember 
that in past times the means of locomotion were very little known, and that 
those who happened to find themselves on islands, or in situations where they 
were separated by great convulsions of nature from the rest of the world, 
could hardly be expected to undergo any change of type. People so circum- 
stanced must for ever preserve the same types which were originally found to 
prevail in the different islands and continents upon which they have lived, 
separated from other tribes by the impassable obstacle of the ocean. The 
question has been asked to-night, “How is it that these different types 
remain so constant, and so uniformly maintain the same characteristics ? ” 
My reply is that they continue constant because they have nothing to 
interfere with their remaining so ; but the moment you introduce other races, 
as has been observed by one gentleman who has addressed us, you find from 
that period an alteration of the type — a change in the external form of skull takes 
place at once. (Hear, hear.) While travelling through the forests in the interior 
of the Sierra Nevada I came across two Englishmen, who, seeing me wandering 
through that unfrequented part of the world, almost took me for an improved 
order of gorilla. They asked me to their huts, and introduced me to their 
wives, and in both cases the wives or squaws were original, thoroughbred, out- 
and-out specimens of the Indian Digger race. It was a treat to witness the 
pride of those two men as they showed their little children. One of them had 
two children, five and seven years of age respectively, both of whom he brought 
forward, and he would not allow me to leave the hut till he had shown all 
their points. He said, “ I intend bringing these two little boys to London 
to show what an improvement may be made in the race.” And certainly, 
when I compared the type of the humble and modest squaw, who seemed 
to have anticipated the use of veils, with the beautiful children of whom she 
