14 
from stage to stage. The lowest bed contains worked flints of 
rude triangular form, and some other used stones. In this 
ancient mud, and with these implements of man, washed by 
water, but not transported, are found the bones of 
Mammoth 
Ehinoceros 
Bear 
.... 3 
Horse 
17 
Chamois 
.... 2 
Reindeer 
.... 30 
Stag 
.... 3 
Hyena 
.... 4 
and many others. I will not enumerate further, but refer you 
to M, Dupont’s book. The upper layers contain fewer of 
extinct mammals and more of the bones of the reindeer and 
horses. The flint tools, too, exhibit some slight advance in art. 
In the third bed was found a carved reindeer bone, with cut 
ornamentation. Some of the bones in the earliest deposits 
display traces of designed fracture and cutting. In their 
selection and treatment they show the action of man’s 
mind. In many cases the mode of introduction of mam- 
moth bones and flints is not clear; they may have been 
introduced by crevices, or surface floods, but in others the 
evidence is that of entry by the open mouth of the cave. 
In both, the floor has been covered by mud of inunda- 
tion, occupied by man and beast of prey, abandoned and 
sealed over by stalagmite, then after an interval occupied 
again ; and thus it has gone on until recent times. In 
one case there are six beds of ossiferous mud, and five 
layers of stalagmite. The openings of the caves in .Bdgmni 
once flooded by the stream of the valley, are now 200 feet 
above the latter, in solid limestone. It has therefore been 
inferred that 200 feet have been scooped out of the valley by 
causes now in operation since the inhabitancy of the cave. 
But there is no appreciable lowering of the valley going on now, 
and therefore this reasoning is obviously illusory. There is no 
such cause in operation. 
This is precisely analogous to the alleged scooping out of the 
wide valley of the Somme. The one is as impossible as the 
other, and if geologists have to bring in other and more 
powerful causes for the one set of effects, they must do the 
same for the other also. The only interpretation of the 
Belgian caves, in regard to their mud deposits, is that which 
assigns the material to the drifting and sorting powers of water 
