16 
summer hunting lodges. At all events, we do not track him 
north-eastwards into the frozen lands of Siberia with the mam- 
moth, unless, passing beyond the latter, he is now represented 
by the Eskimos, to which tribe he certainly bore a very great 
resemblance, but which probably was the result of a later mi- 
gration.* 
Mr Dawkins adds : — 11 We may therefore infer that the same 
palaeolithic race of men ranged over the whole region from the 
Pyrenees and Switzerland as far to the north as Belgium, as 
far to the east as Wiirtemburg, and west as Devonshire. The 
cave-dwellers are the same as those who have left the rude flint 
implements in the river gravels.” Mr. Dawkins enumerates 
nineteen species, including the mammoth, found in the palaeo- 
lithic gravels, not found afterwards, which may be assumed to 
have become extinct in these parts before the historic period. 
He infers from this that an interval of considerable length must 
have intervened to allow for the migration and extinction of 
these creatures. f 
But this is only a repetition of the hypothesis, for the violent 
disturbance and disruption of the land in the interval would 
render far less time than is supposed equally or even more 
probable. 
Mr. Dawkins justly infers the migration of the great 
mammalia in an uninterrupted range from the south of 
France to Devonshire and Ireland. This, of course, could only 
have been effected by the absence of portions of the Channel, 
i.e. by the elevation of the land now submerged. Hence, as 
we have before seen, the necessity for an actual movement of 
the crust of the earth, sufficient to account for a great change in 
the physical geography of the west of Europe, including a 
period of action, which raised the land and reduced the mighty 
rivers to comparatively tiny streams, falling into the encroach- 
ing sea, which now swept the submerged area. These con- 
siderations forced on us from the life of the period, as well as 
by the appearances of the gravel-beds, bring us to the conclu- 
sion that the epoch of the great mammoth, and man was 
terminated by catastrophes in which the former perished, and 
the latter withdrew. On man’s reappearance, after the lapse 
of ages, the mammalia are represented by somewhat smaller 
forms, man resumes his place with greater comparative power 
over nature. Thus he continued, and slowly improved himself 
in Western Europe, until about the sixth century B.C., when 
he receives from the East the art of making bronze, and 
* Boyd Dawkins, p . 359. 
f lb., p 260 . 
