20 
animal remains are clearly post-glacial, he concludes with the 
strange and unauthorized statement , — “ We may also infer 
with a high degree of probability that man migrated into 
Europe along with the pleistocene mammalia in the pre-glacial 
age.” This he props up by the statement that the remains in 
the Victoria Cave “ may be considered pre-glacial,” and there- 
fore the small fragment of bone found in the cave in 1872 
establishes the fact that man lived in Yorkshire before the 
glacial period. The reasoning is curious. If the mammoth, 
whose remains are found in the caves, was post-glacial, we 
should find its remains in the drifts; but we do not; therefore 
it was pre-glacial ; and therefore man, a fragment of whose 
bone was found in the mammoth stratum in 1872, was also 
pre-glacial, and protected from destruction by the ice-sheet. 
Now, the value of the non-finding of the mammoth-bones in 
the drift is nil; and as they are found in the drift elsewhere, 
it is less than nothing. The question for consideration is, 
What is the latest date to be assigned to the extinction of the 
mammoth in this country ? We find none of its remains in the 
neolithic period, — say for the 2,000 years before Ccesar. This 
sends it back, say, to the antecedent 2,000 years, and in some 
portion of this time was the great diluvial disturbance. 
If the high-level and low-level gravels are parts of the same 
series, on the theory either of Belgrand, that the valleys were 
first filled with them and then scooped out in them, or of 
Prestwich, that the gravels are the residuum of the water action 
which formed the valleys, the question of time is the same in 
either case. What time is required for either the wearing- 
down operation or the scooping-out ? If this is supposed to 
have been effected by present causes, then the longest period 
hitherto assigned is not too long. But if all are agreed that 
other causes, if similar to the present, yet worked far more 
powerfully, then almost any time which allows succession of 
intermittent action is sufficient for the purpose, and the received 
Biblical chronology is as good as any other. Sir Charles Lyell 
adduces in proof of the extreme antiquity of man the vast dis- 
tance of time which separated the origin of the higher and lower 
level gravels of the valley of the Somme, both of them rich in 
flint implements of similar shape. Yet this distinction of time 
between high and low level gravels is virtually abandoned. 
High and low level are mere names for the consecutive portions 
of the same phenomena, which might all have occurred in a 
few centuries. They do not support the allegations of vastness 
which are put forward. And yet, with Sir Charles Lyell, the 
whole of the grand oscillation, comprising the submergence and 
