86 
has been drawn from phenomena which, according to the view 
I take, belong to depressed mountainous heights, and conse- 
quently do not prove the general prevalence of intense cold at 
any period, but only the prevalence of cold at those heights 
before the mountains were depressed. It seems that the 
localities which have furnished this evidence are districts of 
limited area, but widely dispersed over the earth’s surface ; as, 
in fact, might be expected, if their origin be such as we have 
supposed. I do not think that there are causes of a cosmical 
order which could account for the prevalence, during a long 
period, of a great degree of cold. In short, I am not prepared 
to admit the existence of a glacial period which had any effect 
on the succession of mammalian fauna, or bears in any way on 
the question of the antiquity of man. 
It has been urged that as there is geological evidence { which 
I fully admit) that man was contemporary with the Mammoth, 
and as the Mammoth has long been an extinct species, the 
antiquity of man must be correspondingly great, because species 
do not become extinct except by a long course of time. The 
theory I am maintaining meets this argument in the following- 
manner. It has already been remarked that it is not a necessary 
consequence of the physical circumstances of the Deluge which 
have been deduced from the theory that all animal existence 
on the face of the earth would thereby be destroyed. There 
might be large areas which would be completely submerged, in 
the course of the vertical oscillations, during an interval sufficient 
to cause the destruction of all animals resident upon them ; but 
at the same time, in conformity with a usual law of oscillations, 
there might be nodal spaces free enough from oscillations and 
inundation to allow of their proper inhabitants remaining alive 
upon them, and others from other quarters fleeing to them for 
safety. Under these circumstances there would probably be 
survivors from a certain number, but not from all the different 
species existing before the catastrophe. The fauna of different 
continents do not comprise the same classes of individuals, and 
it is known that the area of habitation by a particular species 
is in many instances of limited extent. “ Mr. Boyd Dawkins 
has shown that out of forty-eight species [of mammalian fauna] 
living in the Post-Glacial, or lliver-Drift period, only thirty-one 
were able to live on into the Pre-historic or Surface Stone 
period.” (Evans’s Ancient Slone Implements, p. 618.) It 
might, therefore, have happened that certain species, by the 
submergence of the parts on which they lived, became wholly 
extinct. This would be an event of the same kind as that 
recorded in Scripture respecting the destruction of the human 
