195 
Etruscan 
-AL 
child 
Tungus 
t, li 
child > 
Tatar 
aul and ol 
son 3 
Etruscan 
SEC 
daughter 
Lapp 
salko 
offspring* 
Susian 
sale 
son 
Scythic 
sak-rl 
son 1 
Tungus 
«• satk-an 
daughter J 
Next to the numerals and the designations of kinship, the words 
which possess the highest philologic value are the personal pro- 
nouns, and some forms of the verb-substantive. Here the cor- 
respondence is very close between the Etruscan and the Altaic 
languages. Thus the personal pronoun of the first person in 
Etruscan is in, and in Magyar en. In Etruscan the verb-sub- 
stantive, first person singular, is mi, “ I am.” In Mongol it 
takes the forms amid, bui, and hi, while in Tatar it is mi-n, 
the final n being a vestige of the pronoun of the first person just 
referred to. 
For the numerous correspondences between the vocabulary of the 
Etruscans and of the Altaic nations, I must refer to my “ Etruscan 
Researches. 
One of the most certain conclusions of modern philology is that 
grammar is of far greater value than vocabulary as a test of the 
affinities of language. How, without guesswork or unwarrantable 
* The Turanian root s-lc seems to have originally meant “ child,” and 
afterwards to have been differentiated in meaning so as to designate “ son ” 
in some languages and “ daughter ” in others. The original meaning is seen in 
the Lapp sakko , “ offspring,” and also m the cuneiform Scythic, where the 
root sacho denotes filial descent, as in 
“ we are the offspring.” 
t For example : — 
Etruscan : ma = land 
Etruscan : mantissa = a bit, a make- 
weight 
Etruscan : damnus — horse 
Etruscan : etera— young 
Etruscan : leine= he lived 
leinth — Life 
Etruscan : tular— tombs 
Etruscan : cahati= violent 
Etruscan : vari = red 
the verb sacho-hut, “we are descended,” 
I Finn : ma= land 
l Aecadian : ma= land 
j- Yenissei : mintus— a bit, a little 
j Finn : damnet — mare 
I Lapp : damp = horse 
Yakut : edder= young 
j Magyar : lenni = to be 
( leny=ex istence 
Finn : elenda=L\ie 
Hunnic : teulo— a grave 
Tatar : katti = violent 
Ostiak: wyry= red 
Wotiak : tataja = soothsayer 
Lapp : tajet-eje= a knower one who 
knows 
Etruscan : Tages = a soothsayer 
