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we should conclude that Sarah Jane was daughter of William 
J ohnson, and died at the age of 32. Hence it appears that the name 
thanchvilus SEiNTiiiAL is in the genitive case. But there is 
here no inflection. This genitive can only be explained as a 
genitive of position. 
^ Other instances of this genitive of position can easily be adduced. 
Thus the word maris is repeatedly used on the mirrors, to denote 
a divine “ boy," the “ child " of one of the Gods. Thus we have 
MARIS TURAN, meaning the “ boy of Venus," and maris thalna, 
the “boy of Juno." Here it is clear that the words Turan 
and Thalna are uninflected genitives. Again, tular means 
“tombs," “sepulchral niches," or columbaria. The inscription 
tular larna, found on a stele, must mean “ the burying-places of 
Larna." So also hintiiial patrucles means the “ghost of 
Patrocles." In all these cases we have a genitive of position, not 
of inflection. 
The genitive of position is decisively non- Aryan, but is used in 
various Altaic languages, ancient and modern. We find it, for in- 
stance in Scythic, Accadian, and Susian, three cuneiform languages, 
as well as in the living languages of the Wotiaks and the Tschere- 
miss. Such a primitive device for expressing the genitive has 
naturally disappeared from the more advanced Turanian languages. 
Side by side with this genitive of position we have in the Altaic 
languages a genitive of inflection, the sign of which was -na 
or -n. This also is represented in Etruscan. In one bilingual 
inscription varnal is translated varia natus. The metronymic 
suffix is -al, and it is difficult to account for the letter n, which 
does not belong to the mother’s name, except by supposing it 
to be a genitival sign, as in other Altaic languages. Thus, Var-n-al 
would correspond to Varia’s child. 
There can be no doubt that the Etruscan suffix / means “be- 
longing to." Tlius, in a bilingual inscription the Etruscan Gentile 
name Venz-ile is translated by the Latin Venz-ius, the suffixes 
ius and ile both expressing the formation of a Gentile name from 
the personal name of an ancestor,* and corresponding to the final s 
in such an English name as Williams. Again, two Bacchic cups 
are inscribed Fuflun-l, which evidently means “belonging to 
Fufluns," the Etruscan Bacchus. In another case we have 
Truia-l, meaning a Trojan, “one belonging to Troia,” and a 
similar explanation might be given of the common metronymic 
suffix in -al. This formative l is found in all Altaic languages, 
as, for instance, in the well-known Turkic formation of the ethnic 
term Osmanli from the personal name of Osman. 
* This is also effected by the genitival suffix -na. Thus the Etruscan 
Gentile name Cxev-na is Latinized Gn^uv-ius. 
