199 
The words Velsnach, a “ Volcian,” and Rumach, a “Roman/' 
show that the ethnic suffix in Etruscan was ach. The same suffix 
is found in Susian, a Turanian cuneiform language, where Susiak 
denotes a “ Susian." The ethnic appellations of the Altaic 
peoples are ordinarily formed in the same way ; as Ostiak, Wotiak, 
Kosak, Jurak, Koriak, Karakalpak, Kalmuk, and many more. 
Although my subject is “the Etruscan Language," I must not 
conclude without reminding you that language constitutes only a 
portion of the available evidence as to the affinities of nations. 
The features and the religions of races are transmitted as surely 
and certainly as their forms of speech. Therefore the sciences of 
Comparative Anthropology and Comparative Mythology may claim 
to have a voice in this matter as well as the science of Comparative 
Philology. 
Now we have no lack of evidence as to the outward appearance 
of the Etruscans, and the testimony of ancient writers agrees with 
the evidence of the earlier mural paintings and portrait statues.* 
They are represented as differing altogether from the slender sym- 
metrical forms of the Greeks and Romans. Their appearance must 
have resembled that of the Turanian races of Northern Asia, 
such as the Mongols, Tatars, Samoyedes, and Lapps. 
This portrait of an Etruscan warrior, which is reduced from a 
well-known bronze statue found at Ravenna, might be mistaken for 
the representation of a Samoyed. As a rule the Etruscans had 
short, stout, sturdy figures, with large heads, thick arms, black hair 
and eyes, scanty beard, and, above all, the high cheek-bones, so 
characteristic of the Mongoloid race, as well as the oblique eyes 
with which we are so familiar in Chinese and Japanese drawings. 
I would strongly recommend you to study the wonderfully 
realistic portrait figures which repose on the lid of the great terra- 
cotta sarcophagus which has lately been placed in the British 
Museum from the Castellani collection. The eyes, you will see, 
are as oblique as those of a Kalmuk or a Chinese. It may, I 
think, be safely said that those two portraits are alone sufficient 
to dispose of a whole library of books which have been written to 
prove the Aryan affinities of the Etruscans. 
Next, if the Etruscans were Turanians, their religion should 
also be Turanian. This is a very important branch of the evi- 
dence, which I can only speak of in the very briefest manner. 
Our information as to the religion of the Etruscans is ample. 
Some four hundred bronze mirrors have been found in Etruscan 
* The type changes in later works of art, and conforms itself more to the 
Roman type. So the modern Turks have completely lost the Mongoloid 
type of feature which distinguished them when they first entered Europe, 
and the Magyars are fast losing it. 
VOL. X. r 
