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the true and living God, in so far as they were faithful to Him, 
and this for a long period, not less, if we take it literally, than 
430 vears. 
lhe Egyptians do not seem to have been a bigoted race, or 
given to persecution for religion. It was only the actual sight 
of their deities — “abomination” offered in sacrifice to the 
God of the Hebrews — that might have led to such a result. 
The oppression of the people was brought about from political 
motives. 
When Pharaoh’s daughter adopted Moses, there seems to 
have been no difficulty about the religious education of the 
young lad, and, if she had fulfilled her intention of raising him 
to the throne, she would probably have made all her subjects 
worship the God of the Jews. Such a revolution would not 
have been without its precedent in the history of Egypt. 
It is remarkable that the Shemite influence in Goshen is 
not only to be traced out in various ways in the names of 
towns and other features of the country, but also that the 
Egyptian texts record a deep, religious, and monotheistic im- 
pression on the mind of the nation. 
On this point I cannot do better than present a translation 
of some remarks which I find in Brugsch’s Exode, fee. 
“I commence by the divinity venerated at Pithom, and in the district of 
Succoth. Although the lists of the Homes and the Egyptian texts expressly 
designate the solar god Thom (Athomi), the same who had splendid temples 
in On-Heliopolis, as the tutelar god of Succoth, nevertheless they add that 
the god Thom represents only the Egyptian type corresponding to the divinity 
of Pi-thom, who is called by the name of ankh, and surnamed ‘ The Great 
GocV The word ankh, of Egyptian origin, signifies The Life, or ‘ He who 
lives, the Living One.’ It is the only time that I meet in Egyptian texts a 
similar name for a god which appears to exclude the idea of idolatry. 
“ Tbe town of Pi-thom had consequently another name, which it owed to 
the presence and existence of the god ankh, and which in Egyptian was pro- 
nounced p-aa-ankli , the habitation or dwelling of the god ankh. Conformably 
to this name, the district of Succoth was called, in another manner, p-u-nt- 
paa-ankh, the district of the dwelling of Him who lives. Add to this 
monumental word the Egyptian word ‘ za,’ so well known to designate the 
governor of a city or a district, and you have the title Zapunt paaankh, ‘ the 
Governor of the district of the dwelling of the Living One.’ 
“ And now, consult the Holy Scripture, it will tell you that the Pharaoh of 
Joseph honoured him with the long title of Zaphnatpfmeakh,* which 
exactly corresponds with the Egyptian word of which I have proposed the 
analysis.” 
Before I pass away from this subject, I will mention, that the 
symbol of life, the sacred Tau, to which many strange cabalistic 
* In our translation, Zaphnath-paaneah ; in the LXX. ¥ov9oy<pavyx 
