85 
Chapter III. 
18. Matter, and Energy ; distinguished. Conservation of Matter. 
1!). Energy, Kinetic and Potential. Conservation of Energy. Transforma- 
tion of Energy. 
20. Heat, an Energy. Dissipation of Energy. The Visible Universe will 
therefore end. Hence no Immortality in the Visible Universe. 
Chapter IV. 
21. What is Matter? (1) Atomic theory. (2) Central Force. (3) Non- 
atomie. (4) Vortex-atoms. 
22. Le Sage. Luminiferous Ether. (The nature of Matter really unknown.) 
some sort essential. Materialistic position described. Unjustifiable assump- 
tions of materialists. Intimacy of connection between mind and matter. 
Essential requisites for continued, existence:— An organ of memory. Possibility of 
action in the present. 
Principle of continuity : — Illustrated by reference to astronomy. Breach of the 
principle illustrated. Extension to other faculties of man. 
Application of this principle to Christian miracles .-—Erroneous position of old divinei. 
Such opposed to the genius of Christianity. New method of explanation. 
Application of this principle to the doctrines of the extreme scientific school .—The 
visible universe will probably come to an end in transformable energy. It must 
have been developed out of the invisible. 
The Universe Similar errors committed by the extreme schools of theology and 
science. 
Application of this principle to Immortality .-—Three conceivable suppositions. These 
reduced to two. Future course of our argument. The problem may be profit- 
ably discussed. 
Chapter III.— The Present Physicae Universe. 
Definition of the term “ Physical Universe.” It contains something else besides 
matter or stuff. Grounds of our belief in an external universe. These in accor- 
dance with our definition of the laws of the universe (Art. 54). Meaning of con- 
servation. Use and abuse of the term “Force.” Conservation of Momentum. 
Conservation of Moment of Momentum. Conservation of Vis Viva. Definition of 
energy. Newton’s second interpretation of his Third Law. Friction changes 
work into heat. Historical sketch of the theory of energy. Transformability 
of energy constitutes its use. Case where energy is useless. 
Historical Sketch of Second Law of Thermodynamics : — Carnot’s perfect heat-engine. 
Sir W. Thomson’s definition of absolute temperature. Melting point of ice 
lowered by pressure. Sir W. Thomson’s rectification of Carnot’s reasoning. 
Professor J . Clerk-Maxwell’s demons. Degradation of energy. 
Future of the physical universe. Past of the physical universe. 
Chapter IV. — Matter and Ether. 
Inquiry regarding structure and material of the universe. 
