297 
Horus Ra, his only begotten son * He was self-existing, and 
self- produced, and, according to his various manifestations, he 
became (1) Amen Ra, as the spiritual supreme being par excel- 
lence ; (2) Har Machu, as the mid-day sun j (3) Turn, as the sun 
in the under- world, in which form he is more especially venerated 
in the formulse of the Ritual ; and (4) Aten Ra, as the deity of 
the solar disk. The deity Pthah, of Memphis, as the demi- 
urgus, derived his power from him ; and Osiris, the god and 
judge* of the dead, was in some mysterious manner identified 
with this god also. He was, as the sun, the author both of life 
and death ; and by parity of reasoning, the greater always 
including the latter, of good and evil alike. While yet a male 
deity, he was, like Brahma, endued with the feminine principle 
as well, and thus he became an Androgyne. Since the visible 
luminary, the sun, his symbol, and in some mysterious manner 
his body also, rose and set, the god, in a manner, thus passed 
through infancy, maturity, and decay ; and as he was the soul 
of the Kosmos itself, and thereby identical with Knuphis and 
Khneph, so he was also the author of the being of, and the source 
of the power of, all the other eight great gods,f and was merged 
in them, and their personality in turn lost in his. 
3. Since Raplayed so important a part in the celestial hierarchy, 
it naturally followed that he was one of the chief deities whose 
statues and representations have come down to our day. The 
sarcophagi and papyri abound with representations of the god 
Ra in his heavenly boat canopied by the great serpent Mehen 
traversing the hours of day and night, and attended by the 
deities of the under-world. J Sometimes, inasmuch as the god 
Pthah was considered to be his father, Pthah being the deity of 
Material Fire, he was conjoined with that god also ; and some- 
times, like his children Shu and Tefnu, he was figured with the 
head of a lion. The most general representation of the god 
was, however, that of a man with the head of a hawk, choosing, 
* See the previous paper by the author on the Myth of Horus, and the 
references there cited. , „ . 
+ These eight deities being in Memphis ; 1, Pthah ; 2, Shu ; 3, ietnu ; 
4, Seb ; 5, Nut; 6, Osiris; 7, Nis and Horus; 8, Athor ; while m 
Thebes the order was : 1, Amen Ra ; 2, Mentu; 3, Atum ; 4, Shu and 
Tefnu; 5, Seb ; 6, Osiris ; 7, Set and Nepthys ; 8, Horus and Athor. 
+ See especially the sarcophagus of Seti I. at the Soane Museum, and 
the two basalt sarcophagi, that of Nebseni and the so-called Tomb oi 
Alexander, in the Egyptian Gallery of the British Museum. 
