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or in any other position on the earth, and that individual may 
be identified with living species, and we find in the supposed 
oldest formation which geology has assigned, a similar indivi- 
dual, or species, or family to which it is undoubtedlv allied 
with the living creation, this at once shows that when this 
oldest formation took place, its animal contents were deposited 
at the same time, and in those animal contents one being 
found that is identical with the living creation bv such a con- 
nection as I have just named, the conclusion follows, that they 
were both created at the same time, or, in other words, that 
creation which was at first formed, is the same in type as that 
which now exists. 
difficu % P rove this is not so great as it would appear, 
ihe circumstance of finding many species in the supposed 
older formations of the earth which we do not find now alive, 
only proves that some of that creation, of which man formed 
part, has become extinct, and this is very naturally to be 
inferred from the altered condition of the earth (which marked 
it) before and after the great deluge. A very large portion we 
know has passed away in that catastrophe, which extinguished 
so many. There is reason to suppose the extinction of species 
to have occurred to the greatest extent in marine animals ; we 
are not surprised to find in the strata of the earth many 
genera and species strictly confined to the ocean are now found 
buried in the earth within our reach. As a matter of course, 
when the Deluge came, many of the animals that were de- 
stroyed took a position more or less attractive than others, 
from their haying increased so much more between the time 
of their creation and extinction ; for, as a rule, we may deter- 
mine that the higher the position the animal took in the living 
creation, the more scarce it was, and the less the number of 
that animal likely to be found ; so that for one higher and 
warm-blooded animal we should expect, as the natural evidence 
of such a catastrophe, countless thousands in the earth of the 
lower animals, such as the Mollusca. On this account we 
shall take our example from those that are found fossil in 
greatest abundance. 
It cannot, therefore, be a surprise to any one that such a 
species as Terebratula , among these last, should be represented 
by mountain-masses. Nor would it be at all unaccountable, 
if not one of these Terehratulce should be found alive at the 
present time ; for we have evidence enough to show that when 
the Deluge came, many parts of the earth were so much dis- 
turbed as to engulf mountain-masses of those creatures that 
were then living in the seas, so effectually, as that not one 
living individual may have been preserved*; yet this is not to 
