138 
Nabu-imtuq,* borne by the last king of the new Babylonian 
empire. 
125. And as to the date, Canon Rawlinson gives the pro- 
bable date of Kudur-Mabuk at about B.C. 2100. f Mr Sayce’s 
opinion, expressed to me in a letter, is that Kudur-Mabuk 
must be placed at 2000 B.C., and M. Lenormant also assigns 
his reign approximately to the epoch of Abraham. 
126. The' names of the other three subject-kings and their 
realms are susceptible of illustration when taken in the form 
which the LXX. translators have transmitted to us. Amarphal 
would be Amar-pal, an Accadian name, which M. Lenormant 
has found on two seal-cylinders of private persons. Shinar is 
identified by Assyriologists with Sumir, constantly associated 
with Akkad in the titles of Babylonian kings. Tidal is read 
by the LXX. Qapya\, by a difference of one Hebrew letter. 
And this has long been explained by the Accadian Tur-gal, 
great chief. His subject Goim are identified with the Guti 
of the inscriptions. 
127. While Abram and his father’s house were still dwell- 
ing at Kharran, Kedorlaomer, the victorious king of Elam, 
with the kings above named, made war on the kings of 
Sodom, Gomorrah, Adma, Zeboim, and Bela, which was Zoar ; 
and the march of their allied armies must have been through 
Kharran, as we have said. 
128. The object of the expedition lay some 2,000 miles from 
the capital of Kedorlaomer, and there must have been some 
very strong attraction in or beyond that distant circle of the 
Jordan. Was it, as has been supposed, the rich stream of 
commerce from Western Arabia ? 
129. Holy Scripture, equally with Babylonian records, shows 
us, then, that the dominant power in the plain of the lower 
Euphrates was that of Elam, and the names themselves now 
certify us that this power was not that of the Semitic race, 
but a rival domination, and the narrative in Genesis is tho 
same in effect as that suggested by the data in the inscrip- 
tions. 
130. I give Mr. G. Smith’s account : — “ Kudur-mabuk, 
son of Simti-silhak, obtained possession of the cities of Nipur 
and Eridu, and gave them to his son Riagu, or Eriaku, who 
always accompanied his father. They also extended their 
power over the districts of Ur and Larsa, then governed by a 
king named Nur-vul. The northern part of Babylonia also 
* La Langue prim., 338 . 
f Bible Educator, i. 68. 
