139 
came under the dominion of Kudur-mabuk ; its ruler was 
a queen * * * *. Kudur-mabuk, after conquering Babylonia, 
extended his power over Syria, and took the title ‘ Lord of 
Syria/ After the death of Nur-vul, Eriaqu was made king of 
Larsa, and the combined forces of Kudur-mabuk and Eriaqu 
captured the cities of Uruk (Erech), Mullias, and Karrak.* 
These two kings ruled jointly thirty years in great power, 
building many temples, digging canals, and erecting fortifica- 
tions. But at the end of that time a king named Khammurabi, 
probably leader of the Kassi,f conquered the whole country, 
made Babylon his capital, and founded a new dynasty/’ 
131. In Genesis we find the king of Elam as suzerain, with 
his viceroys of Shinar, Ellasar, and Groim, indicating that he 
had become possessed of the very same country, sweeping 
round by the north, two or three years before Abram quitted 
Kharran, and following the same general course which he 
afterwards pursued over the uplands of Bashan, falling on the 
inhabitants of the southern Jordan valley, and thus gaining 
tributary allegiance up to the very edge of the country domi- 
nated by Egypt. 
132. But in “ the thirteenth year they rebelled,” with Lot 
among them. Is it not possible that the presence of so 
wealthy an independent Semitic leader, with his greater rela- 
tive Abram near at hand over the hills, may have emboldened 
them to this resolve ? The next year, however, the great 
king of Elam, Babylonia, and Syria came down once more 
upon them. But, to make sure work against attack on his 
flanks, and to obviate future trouble, he did not at once de- 
scend on the deep valley, but, in an extended campaign, he 
“ smote the Rephaim in Ashteroth-Ivarnaim, and the Zuzim 
in Ham, and the Emim in Shaveh-Kiriathaim,” that is, all 
down the highlands between the eastern desert and the Jor- 
dan ; and not even stopping there, he pushed on and smote 
the Khorites, or cave-dwelling people, “ in their mount Seir,” 
the heights and ravines of Edom, “ unto El-paran, which is 
by the wilderness.” This was a most important and arduous 
campaign, involving a march of some 2,000 miles, and seems 
to have been crowned by complete success. At El-paran, 
south of the Dead Sea, he turned and came to En-Mishpat, 
which is Kadesh. This was doubtless Kadesh-barnea and the 
Kadesh of the land of Amaor, that is, of the Amorites. 
* Notes, &c., 17. 
f Kassi, Southern Elamites. — Note by Mr. Boscawen. 
