PREFACE. 
mHE Thirteenth Volume of the Journal of the Transactions 
of the Victoria Institute is now issued. It will he 
found to contain papers by Professor Birks, M.A. (Professor 
of Moral Philosophy at Cambridge University), Mr. R. Brown, 
F.S.A., Mr. T. K. Callard, F.G.S., Mr. J. E. Howard, F.R.S., 
F.L.S., Professor T. McK. Hughes, M.A. (Woodwardian 
Professor of Geology at Cambridge University), President 
Noah Porter, D.D. (President of Yale College, United States), 
the Rev. Principal Rigg, D.D., Dr. J. S. Southall, M.A., 
United States, and the Rev. J. P. Thompson, D.D., LL.D., 
United States. The discussions have been enriched by the 
addition of supplementary papers from his Grace the 
Duke of Argyll, K.G., Professor Boyd Dawkins, F.R.S., the 
Rev. J. M. Mello, M.A. — well-known in the Geological world 
for his investigations among the caves of Cresswell Crags, — 
and others. To all who have thus contributed to the success 
of the Institute’s work, the best thanks of the Members and 
Associates will gladly be accorded. 
It will be observed that papers upon geological questions 
held to have a bearing upon the statements of Scripture, 
form a special feature in the present volume. For some 
years the Institute has encouraged research bearing upon the 
question of the u Antiquity of Man,” more especially because 
