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similar tools have been met with in Denmark, Sweden, or 
Norway, where Nilsson, Thomsen, and other antiquaries have 
collected with so much care the relics of the stone age. 
Hence it is supposed that paleeolithic man never penetrated 
into Scandinavia, which may, perhaps, have been as much 
covei’ed with the ice and snow as the greater part of Green- 
land is at present.” The same statement is repeated in 
Archiv fur Anthropologie, where we read that “ neither in 
Scandinavia nor in North Germany have we yet discovered the 
slightest trace of paleolithic man . . . Scandinavia and 
North Germany were then covered by the ice ” ( Meeting of the 
Anthropological Society in Munich, 1874; Archiv, August, 1875; 
Correspondenz-Blatt, s. 18). 
11. It is clear, therefore, that man was kept out of Scandi- 
navia and Scotland by the ice ; when he was permitted to 
advance, he advanced. When was this? We know by the 
character of the most ancient human implements found in these 
countries — in the famous peat-bogs of Denmark, for example, — 
that it was in the polished stone age. The polished stone 
age had already set in when the ice retired from Denmark 
and Sweden, the north of England, and Scotland. Given the 
date of the polished stone age, and we have the date of the 
close of the glacial age. 
12. The glacial conditions which excluded palaeolithic man 
from the North, excluded him at the same time from Switzer- 
land and the elevated portion of Carinthia, and from Styria. 
“ The farther one recedes,” says Count Wurmbrandt, “ from 
the mass of the Alps, the greater is the chance of finding in the 
caverns traces of palaaolithic man.” 
13. It is the lake-dwellings, not the bone-caverns nor the 
implement-bearing gravels, that we find in the Swiss moun- 
tains. The men of the polished stone age settled at Roben- 
hausen, and Wauwyl, and Meilen, at the same epoch that they 
crossed the Elbe into Denmark, and established themselves in 
the valleys of the Forth and the Clyde. 
14. What was the date of the polished stone age ? It cor- 
responds with the date of the lake-dwellings, with the period 
of the shell-mounds, with the age of the older stone-graves, 
and with the earlier stages of the peat. Now, at one of the 
oldest of the Swiss lake-dwellings — Robenhausen — and that 
in the lower beds, we already encounter traces of bronze. At 
Wangen we find great quantities of corn, baked cakes of 
bread, flax, and perforated stono axes. At Wauwyl we find a 
glass bead ; at Moosseedorf, remains of the dog, pig, sheep, 
goat, and cow j at Meilen, a bronze armilla and a bronze celt. 
