118 
gradually to the foot of the glacier, and possessing by the 
time he reached the confines of Switzerland some of the 
domestic animals, vessels of pottery, and beautiful weapons ; 
executing drawings and carvings superior to those from the 
caves of Perigord ; and maintaining commercial relations with 
his distant kinsmen in Asia. It was the closing years of 
the palaeolithic age ; when we encounter man in this region 
again he has become a lake-dweller ; a great storm has passed 
over Europe ; new settlers, doubtless, have come from the 
great Mongol hives ; the mammoth has disappeared — not 
absolutely overwhelmed, we may suppose, by some sudden 
catastrophe, as in Siberia, but — gradually exterminated by the 
new climatal conditions. 
25. It is not only not improbable, but it is highly probable, 
that the men, as well as the animals, of the palaeolithic age 
occasionally passed into glaciated areas, just as we see now on 
the coasts of Greenland. It may be that this is the explana- 
tion of the presence of the bones of the hyena, mammoth, 
&c., in the Victoria cave, just beyond that frontier-line which 
I have indicated in the north of England. Here, too, I may 
mention, all under the glacial clay, as Mr. Tiddoman imports, 
were found also the bones of the goat (some of them ap- 
parently cut) and the Bos longifrons or Celtic short-horn, ana- 
logous to the presentation at the Kosslerloch and Freundenthal. 
2(5. Thus, too, we account for the presence of the mammoth 
and the reindeer in the so-called inter-glacial beds of Scotland. 
2 7. It was mentioned by one of the speakers — I foi'get now 
who — at the Stockholm Congress of Archaeologists in 1874 
that, astonishing as it appeared, several polished stone im- 
plements had been found in the boulder-clay somewhere in 
Sweden. The case is doubtless reported in the proceedings 
of the Congress. The statement was received with incredulity ; 
but it is no more impossible than that some Eskimo weapon 
should hereafter be found in a similar deposit in Greenland. 
Observe, however, that it was a man of the polished stono 
age who had ventured into this region of the ice. If the caso 
may be relied on, it throws fresh light on my argument for the 
contemporaneous existence of the glacial epoch and the age 
of polished stone ; it proves that the polished stone ago was 
well under way, and that the men of that period waited with 
impatience for the still reluctant ice to relax its grasp on the 
Scandinavian peninsula — or rather, as southern Sweden was 
then, the isle of Scand. 
28. The only possible answer that can be made to all this 
is, that there was a great chasm — a lost interval of vast dura- 
tion — between the palaeolithic and neolithic ages ; that man 
