179 
pressure, after having first undergone violence from the force 
which impelled and congregated them in this narrow neck. They 
were found driven into the interstices of the opposite ivall, or 
piled in the greatest confusion against its side, with hut a 
scanty covering of soil, and that of the finest and softest sand 
intermixed with greasy earth. To enumerate the amount of 
fossils collected from this spot would be to give the inventory 
of half my collection, comprising all the genera and their 
species, including the cultridens ; there were hoards, but I 
must specify jaws and tusks of the elephant with the teeth in 
the sockets, and the bone of which was so bruised that 
it fell to powder in our endeavour to extract it, a rare 
instance of the teeth occurring in their jaws or gums. The 
same may be observed of the rhinoceros, one portion alone of 
which was saved, but the teeth of both were numerous and 
entire. The teeth of the elk, horse, and hyena were taken out 
whole. The teeth of the two last were gathered in thousands, 
and in the midst of all were myriads of rodentia. The earth, as 
may be expected, was saturated with animal matter. It was 
fat with the sinews and marrow of more wiki beasts than 
would have peopled all the menageries of the world. 
“ The long bones abounded no less than the jaws, generally 
bruised and split longitudinally ; but, without an exception, 
they had been broken and gnawed, that is, they had passed 
through the jaws of carnivorous animals before they ivere sub- 
jected to the violence that crushed them. 
“ Intermixed with them at lower depths was sand and gravel, 
and marl, angular and rounded fragments, the former gene- 
rally limestone, flat masses of which had fallen into the heap 
from the roof, where its under surface was coated with stalac- 
tite, cones and slabs of the latter scattered through schists 
and slates, and grauwacke, angular and sharp. The rounded 
substances consisted of small pebbles of limestone, chert, and 
quartz, green and sand stones.” 
Whatever evidence may here exist of the long habitation of 
hyenas in this cave (and I do not deny its foi'ce), there is much 
more cogent evidence of a diluvial current of water having 
entered the cave, not through the eastern openings (for this is 
impossible), but having found its way from the land side, and 
apparently terminated their existence. 
This was the opinion of Mr. McEnery, the first human being 
probably that ever entered this particular part, who says in 
connection with the heading Diluvium : — 
“ The floor was surprised by a body of mud which swept up 
and confounded promiscuously the materials lying upon it, 
and that this body of mud so covering the bottom of the 
VOL. xm. o 
