189 
It may be inquired how it is possible that the term 
Behemoth could be applied to any creature that may seem to 
have perished from off the earth so many centuries before 
the book of Job can be supposed to have been written. My 
reply to this is, in the first place, that many of the associated 
animals, such as the bears, the great cat of the caverns, &c., 
left some survivors, enduring to historic times.* 
The Megaceros Eibernicus, or Irish elk, and the reindeer f 
are not unknown even to tradition. The bears of Kent’s 
Cavern, if we are to judge by iron found along with their bones, 
must have left some survivors even till Koman times. 
“ Thef state of our exact knowledge at the present time 
S No. 1 . Elephas primigenius, last true molar, lower jaw, right side.§ 
No. 2. Elephas Africanus, first true molar, lower jaw, left side. 
regarding the duration, geographical range, climate, habits, 
and food of the mammoth, appears to be thus : — The species 
existed before the Glacial period in Europe, and survived long 
after it in Europe and America. The constitutional flexibility , 
which is evident by its extending through two cycles’ term in 
time, is equally evinced in its vast geographical range of 
habitat ; extending from the valley of the Tiber to the Lena, 
and from Escheholtz Bay to the shores of the Gulf of 
Mexico. Making due allowance for the interference of the 
* “ In the Apennine valley of the Chiana, in Tuscany, Elephas primigenius 
existed so late as to have been a contemporary of the Irish elk ( Megaceros 
Hibernicus), Bos primigenius and Bison prisons ; bringing down the period to 
the very modern date of the superficial marly beds of the Isle of Man.” — 
Memoirs, Falconer, p. 240. t See Appendix E. 
X Falconer, vol. ii. p. 289. § Falconer, vol. ii. plate 6. 
