193 
What, then, are we to say as to the period during which 
they lived together ? 
“ It has been assumed that that epoch is removed by tens 
and hundreds of thousands of years from the present. Millions 
of years were the figures employed to describe the time which 
has elapsed since that great geological episode. In the tenth 
edition of his f Principles/ Lyell estimated it to be about 
800.000 years ago, which was moderate compared to the 
1,280,000,000 years of some geologists. But in the eleventh 
and last edition of LyelPs great work, he substituted* 200,000 
for 800,000 ! Dr. Andrews’ calculations, drawn from very 
careful observations on the North American lakes, put 25,000 
years as an extreme limit, and indicate in reality only some 
7.000 years. ”f 
M. Chabas, who has written some of the best books on the 
subject of the antiquity of the human race, ridicules the state- 
ment of a contemporary writer, who says that the horse had 
been hunted, killed, and eaten by man before being brought 
into a state of domesticity from the commencement of tho 
Quaternary age until the epoch of the age of Bronze, or not less 
than 300,000 years. Also that the Aryans first bethought 
themselves that the said animal might be made useful for other 
purposes than being eaten before the year 19,337 B.C. 
I wish to pay all respect to the calculations of Mr. Pengelly, 
which assign 17,000 years as the period which has elapsed 
since the subsidence of the wood-covered shores of the bay. 
Mr. Pengelly, at all events, gives reasonable calculations 
(whether dependable or not) for his opinion ; nevertheless, 
they remind me of the above. 
Only this calculation seems to me to prove too much, for 
nothing is more certain than that St. Michael’s Mount, which 
is now surrounded by the sea at high water, used to be called 
in the Cornish language (carregluz en kuz), “ the hoary rock 
in the wood,” and subsequently in Norman-English, “Le 
hore rock in the ivood ” ; and notwithstanding the great opinion 
which I entertain of the antiquity of the Cornish and the allied 
Welsh and Breton languages, I hesitate to assign to them an 
unchanged duration of 17,000 years. If it be supposed that 
part of this interval may have been bridged over by tradition, 
I find that this supposition again fails to establish the theory, 
for distinct and unanimous tradition records great loss of land 
* Based on the theory of Mr. Croll. To this theory I attach no importance, 
as I see no reason to believe that any change in the obliquity of the earth’s 
orbit has any connection with the Glacial period, 
t See Appendix F. 
