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birch-wood. And in case any foolish unbeliever should doubt, as some 
have doubted, the existence of reindeer on Scottish hills, and should venture 
to suggest that our wild red deer never would submit tamely to be thus 
herded and driven about, we refer him to the old Orkney saga, which tells 
how, in the eleventh century, when Harald and Ronald, Earls of Orkney, 
made peace after their deadly feuds, they came over to Caithness to hunt 
the reindeer, and they and their merry men feasted abundantly on their 
venison, and left a great store of bones, both of red deer and reindeer, as 
a special legacy to Professor Owen, and for the discomfiture of the incre- 
dulous, for there the bones remain to this day .” — From the Hebrides to the 
Himalayas, vol. i. p. 183, by C. F. Gordon-Cumming. 
APPENDIX P. 
M. Chabas well observes : — 
“ Longtemps comprime dans un cercle trop etroit l’esprit humain a franchi 
toutes les barrieres qu’on lui opposait, et semblable au torrent qui a rompu 
ses digues, il est repandu sans frein dans toutes les directions. La reflexion 
et l’etude le rameneront peu a pen dans la voie normale .” — Etudes sur 
I’Antiquite Historique, Hit., p. 2. 
APPENDIX G. 
In order to complete my library of Cave books, I have, since writing this 
paper, procured the “ Anti quit es Celtiques ” of M. Boucher de Perthes, and 
the “ Reliquiae Aquitanicae ” of Messrs. Lartet and Christy. To my surprise 
I find in the former the works of a man of real genius, who spared neither 
labour nor expense in the verification of knowledge. He published, in 1838, 
a work at Paris entitled He la Creation, and in which he insisted that traces 
of antediluvian man would sooner or later be found. He rested “ this opinion 
(1) on the tradition of a race of men destroyed by the Deluge ; (2) on the 
geological proofs of this Deluge ; (3) on the existence at this epoch of the 
mammiferous animals ( mammiferes ), the nearest to man, and unable to 
exist except under the same atmospherical conditions ; (4) on the certainty 
thus acquired that the earth was habitable for man ; (5) that in all regions, 
islands or continents, where these great mammiflres have been found man 
lived, or had lived . . . and that at the era of the Deluge the race was 
already sufficiently numerous to leave signs of its passage ; (6) these remains 
of human beings may have escaped the attention of geologists . . . uni- 
versal belief comes to the assistance of tradition, that evidently a race of 
men anterior to the last cataclysm, which has changed the surface of the earth, 
lived at the same time, and apparently in the same places as the great 
quadrupeds of which the bones have been found.”* 
Proceeding on this supposition, Mr. Perthes never rested till he had found 
in what was then called the Diluvium, and in that alone (vol. ii. pp. 9, 11, 52), 
the traces which he sought of human workmanship. 
Will our geologists tell us why this fruitful theory has been abandoned 
for the sake of impossible fluviatile theories and tranquil alluvial deposits ? — 
* Ant. Celt., p. 3. 
