221 
association with rhinoceros and bear in that part of the sallyport 
named the Islands. — British Association Report, Edinburgh, 
1871. 
And in the cave of Roclentia in the second foot of cave-earth 
was found a tooth of sheep, with the teeth of hysena, rhinoceros, 
bear, elephant, and lion. 
Also, in the charcoal cave tooth of sheep was again found with 
hysena, rhinoceros, and bear. 
And in Long Arcade remains of pig were found, with rhino- 
ceros, hysena, and mammoth, in the undisturbed cave-earth* 
If, then, these extinct mammals lived on till the time of 
the bat, rabbit, pig, and sheep, we must not attempt to draw the 
line too sharply between the palaeolithic fauna and the present. 
I would now direct your attention to the sixth report of Kent’s 
Cavern, read by Mr. Pengelly at the British Association Meeting- 
in Liverpool, 1870. He says, that “in exploring the North 
Sallyport, the overlying black mould yielded potsherds, marine 
shells, and hones (chiefly modern, but a few of extinct animals), 
the astragalus of the rhinoceros being the most important of the 
latter.” You will observe, then, that bones of extinct animals, 
and notably the knuckle-bone of the extinct rhinoceros, was 
found, not only above the granular stalagmite but in the black 
mould, mingled with the bones of modern animals and with 
potsherds. 
Now if we turn to Dr. John Evans’ account of the cavern, we 
shall learn something more about these potsherds. He says in 
his valuable work upon “ Stone Implements in Great Britain,” 
that above the stalagmite, and principally in the black mould, 
have been found a “number of relics belonging to different 
periods,” amongst which relics he mentions pottery ; and then 
describes the pottery, some of it as “ distinctly Roman in cha- 
racter,” whilst some of it belonged to pre-Roman times, f 
Rhinoceros tichorinus lived, then, in Roman or pre-Roman 
times, and left his knuckle-bone amongst the pottery of that 
period. Plow is it, then, that we are asked to believe in man’s 
great antiquity on the ground of man’s remains being sometimes 
associated with those of this extinct animal ? Clearly, in the 
case before us, the contemporaneity only proves that man lived 
some 2,000 or 2,500 years back, which no one doubts. 
And this evidence is not unlike that of Creswell Caves, for 
Mr. Mello in his first paper upon their exploration read before 
the Geological Society, June 23, 1875, tells us that in the 
surface layer of Robin Hood’s Cave he found several molars of 
* British Association Report , Belfast, 1874. 
t Stone Implements in Great Britain, pp. 445, 446. 
