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age is not represented in our caves at all ; but it is represented by this 
typical spear-head and these axes of Denmark, and the polished implements 
from the lake dwellings of Switzerland.* Mr. Callard has a very fine specimen 
here from the Kobenhausen district ; also a fine Neolithic Danish spear 
head. We have nothing Neolithic at Cresswell : as to the bone implements, 
I have only drawings of them. 
Eev. J. Fisher, D.D. — I must express the great satisfaction with which I 
have listened to the paper of Mr. Callard, with whose views I sympathize to a 
great extent, as I do also with those expressed by Mr. Mello, who has been 
very candid in his remarks ; but, personally, I fail to understand the distinc- 
tion that has been set up between the Neolithic and the Palaeolithic. I think 
that some of the specimens which have been introduced are not of artificial 
origin. I have often, when a boy, found flints in my father’s fields that I 
thought must have been made for our old Brown Bess musket, but, when I 
have shown them to my father, he has at ouce said, “ No ; they are the works 
of nature”; and I think that some of those before us have a similar origin. 
I am one of those who do not believe in the Palaeolithic period being of the 
date that some geologists would assert. Of course, as one man is older than 
another so must one period be older than another, and thus*we hear of the 
Palaeolithic and the Neolithic ; but may it not be that when we have had 
what is called the Palaeolithic in one part of the world, we have had the 
Neolithic in the other ; that is to say, there have been in two quarters of the 
globe at the same time two races, one tolerably far advanced, and another 
much less advanced, in the making of implements and so forth ? I believe 
that if we go to the centre from which men have been supposed to diverge to 
different quarters of the globe, we find in Egypt and Assyria and Babylon, 
the Neolithic men, and I think it will be some time before you can point to a 
period that shall be so far distant as to justify the distinction that has been 
drawn between that and the Paleolithic. 
Mr. Callard. — I am rejoiced to find that we are so nearly agreed to- 
night. I had thought I should have met with strong antagonism ; but, 
instead of this, one speaker after another seems to have fallen in with my 
views to so great an extent, that I think we shall go away from this meeting 
saying we have given up the idea that has prevailed in some quarters as to 
the great antiquity of man. Professor Boyd Dawkins has been very candid in 
the letter he has sent, in which he gives up much of the evidence relied on 
for calculating man’s antiquity. There is a little difference between us as 
to the horse’s mane being cut. I have seen the drawing, about which there 
may be some difference of opinion ; but, to my mind, the shape of the 
mane indicates clearly that it had been cut and not singed ; and I 
do not think that on a question of science wo ought to be allowed to bring in 
any fancy wc like, in order to get over a difficulty. It is a hog-maned 
* The demand for implements from the Swiss lake-dwellings has resulted 
in the establishment of a large manufactory for their production, near the 
lake of Bienne ! — Ed, 
