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horse : Professor Boyd Dawkins says it is a hog-maned horse, and all we 
know of such manes is, that they are clipped and not singed, nor were they 
cut with Palaeolithic implements. Therefore, as far as the evidence goes, I 
think it is on my side in asserting that they were cut ; that, being cut, they 
must have been cut by something like a pair of shears, and that if they were 
cut by a pair of shears, that fact brings us into comparatively modern times. 
(Hear, hear.) With regard to the pottery, it must be borne in mind that I did 
not say that the mammals referred to lived where they were found in Roman times. 
I did not even say that they lived at all in Derbyshire in Roman times. My 
remark was that “as in Devonshire so in Derbyshire the rhinoceros tichorinus 
is found amongst the pottery, the legitimate inference is that he was contem- 
poraneous with the potters.” The Roman or pre-Roman pottery, with the 
associated astragalus of rhinoceros, belonged to Kent’s Cavern, not Cresswell, 
and I think I am justified in saying that they were so associated ; for 
Mr. Pengelly states that, — “In exploring the North Sallyport the overlying 
black mould yielded potsherds'’ (you could not have potsherds unless you first 
had a potter), “ marine shells and bones (chiefly modern, but a few of extinct 
animals), the astragalus of the rhinoceros being the most important of the 
latter.” You must not blame me, you must blame Mr. Pengelly, for saying that 
the astragalus of the rhinoceros was found among the pottery, or else you 
must blame Dr. John Evans for saying that the pottery of the black mould 
belongs to Roman or pre-Roman times. It is true that finding a tobacco- 
pipe, with Roman pottery in the surface soil, does not prove that these 
articles were contemporaneous, but it proves that they are both more recent 
than the stalagmite below them, and that is all that I claim for the astragalus 
of the rhinoceros. It was found in the black mould with the pottery, 
and therefore, however recent it may be, it cannot be older than the black 
mould i.e., 2,000 or 2,500 years. The pottery of Cresswell referred to was 
Samian. Mr. Mello, whom I am so glad to see here to-night, says 
respecting the teeth and pottery : — “ My first paper must be checked by the 
more careful work recorded in the subsequent ones.” Well, I am glad to 
do so, but I think Mr. Mello will have to correct both his second and third 
reports if I am wrong ; for in his second report he makes reference to 
“ blasting the stalagmitic breccia which covered the cave-earth containing 
the bones and implements. In this breccia were found teeth of both 
rhinoceros and hycena.” In the third report he says, — “ The few remains 
found in the breccia consisted «.s before of the bones of the hare, a few teeth 
of the larger Pleistocene mammalia, rhinoceros tichorinus, hycena , bear, 
horse,” &c. Therefore, if Mr. Mello has come to a different conclusion it 
must be since he wrote his third report. 
Mr. Mello. — I have come to no different conclusion ; it quite bears out 
my argument. 
Mr. Callard.— T hen we are to understand that in the breccia covering 
the cave- earth, as far as it existed, were found the remains of extinct 
mammalia, and beneath the breccia in the cave-earth were found well- 
finished implements, — not, it is said, Neolithic. 
VOL. XIII. S 
