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“And the third (the god of) Good-government ( evvo/aiag ).” 
This is Khshathra-vairya, “ the independent sway.” The 
Kshatriya, or warrior caste, is the second of the four ancient 
Hindu castes which appear as early as the Brahmancis. 
“And of the rest one was (god) of wisdom.” This is 
Spenta-armaiti, “the perfect thought,” piety. “And another 
(the god) of wealth (ttXovtov).” This is Haurvatad, “Health,” 
who was afterwards supposed to preside over the fruits of the 
earth, which spring up from the dwelling of Plutus-Pluto. 
“ And the remaining one, the maker of the pleasures in what 
is beautiful.”* This somewhat curious definition we can but 
apply to the remaining Ameshaspenta Ameretad, “ Immor- 
tality,” in which the righteous shall enjoy the endless loveli- 
ness of God. Now these six personifications, the Good-Mind, 
Truth, Power, Piety, Health, and Immortality, who, together 
with Ahuramazda, make up the mystic number of Seven 
Spirits of holiness and purity, afford a striking instance of the 
intense monotheism of the system of Zarathustra ; for they 
are not distinct divinities in origin, but, as their names show, 
merely phases of the beneficent action and perfect character of 
the Supreme. In later times a corresponding list of demons, 
such as Akem-mano, “ the Evil Mind,” Taric, “ Darkness,” 
and Zaric, “ Poison,” were excogitated in order to supply 
Angromainyusk with assistant counsellors, and to make a 
complete system exactly corresponding in its halves, on the 
principle 
“ Grove nods at grove, each alley has its brother, 
And half the platform just reflects the other.” 
This formal and ai’bitrary arrangement of divinities and super- 
natural personages — good, bad, and indifferent — is what may 
be termed pantheonization, is purely or mainly artificial, and 
always marks a late phase in the religious thought of a com- 
munity. In Greece the Homeric Poems paved the way for 
the system of Hesiod, from which the class of thinkers who 
culminated in Socrates and Plato ever recoiled, and which 
was essentially self-destructive. There is great truth, mixed 
doubtless with some alloy of error, in the remark of Herodotus, 
“ Homer and Hesiod were the first to compose theogonies, 
and give the gods their epithets, to allot them their several 
offices and occupations, and describe their forms.”f But, at 
the same time, it must be observed that the concept of a 
Supreme Power associated with six other personages, the 
whole body forming a mystic seven, is a really archaic idea. 
* Peri Is. kai Os. xlvii. 
f Herod, ii. 53. 
