305 
P. 265. — The Deva and Ahum Cults. 
M. Julius Jolly has recently remarked that “the theory of a religious 
schism, which was supposed by Dr. Haug to have brought about the separa- 
tion of the Iranians from their Indian neighbours, has been entirely dis- 
posed of by M. Darmesteter’s researches, and the revolution theory has been 
replaced by an evolution theory.” ( Academy , February 1, 1879, p. 102.) I 
greatly admire M. Darmesteter’s very able work ( Ormond et Ahriman) but 
am unable to come to any such conclusion. Haug has probably pushed his 
views on the matter too far, and three of the demons of the infernal council 
of Ahriman, i.e. Saurva, Andra, and Naonhaithya, in all probability are not 
identical with the Vedic Shiva or Siva, Indra and the Nasatyas or Asvins. 
But thus much granted, the conclusion by no means follows. The remark- 
able career of the words deva and asura appears to be regarded by M. 
Darmesteter as “ an accident of language.” But to say that such and such 
a circumstance happened to occur is a re-statement of the fact, not an ex- 
planation. Moreover, M. Darmesteter’s theory depends upon the negation 
of an historical Zoroaster, a negative which is incapable of demonstration. 
Hang’s views are in the main accepted by Bunsen, Max Diincker ( Geschichte 
des Alterthums), Lenormant ( Manual of the Ancient History of the East), 
and J usti ( Handbuch der Zendsprache), and are not denied by Prof. Spiegel. 
P. 276. — The name “ Avesta.” 
Dr. Oppert observes that in the Behistun Inscription, clause li. “ the 
Persian affords us the true origin of the word Avesta. It is Abasia, the 
Divine Law ; it is explained by the Assyrian Kinat, the laws.” ( Records of 
the Past, vii. 107, note 1.) 
P. 281. — The Connection between Agni and Soma. 
As to the very intimate connection between Agni and Soma, who some- 
times form a dual divinity, Agnt-Shomau, and represent two variant yet 
constantly intertwining phases of the Visible-external in its relations with 
the Invisible-external, vide M. Abel Bergaigne, La Religion Vcdigue-.d' apr'es 
les Hymnes du Rig-Veda, tome premier, 11-235. 
P. 292. — The Unanthropomorphic Sun. 
As Martanda, the Vedic egg-sun, is “ a smooth lump, destitute of any 
modifications of shape,” so in the Egyptian Funereal Ritual, cap. xlii., we 
read of the justified and triumphant Uasarian, or follower of Osiris, who 
has been made like his lord, the Sun-god, that, — 
“ He is in the [Solar] Eye and the [Solar] Egg. 
He is the Day for race after race of men. 
He is the Germ emanating from the firmament. 
He is the Golden Ape of the gods without hands or feet. 
He goes forth, the Ape goes forth ” [on his celestial path]. 
