320 
Next in the Crag the teeth of sharks, bored through, as 
if for wear, were found,* part of a string of ornaments such as 
commonly are woirn by savages. Of these I give examples : 
one a boar’s tusk, from the lake dwellings of Switzerland ; 
another, a tooth from a deposit of pakeolithic age, in a cave 
just above the miraculous grotto of Lourdes in the Pyrenees. 
But let us see whether such holes are not sometimes the 
work of nature, and inquire more carefully whether these 
from the Crag were probably produced by nature or by art. 
For this purpose I have examined fragments of bone and teeth 
of various size and shape, and found them marked over the 
surface with many a pit or deeper hole, or even perforation 
irregularly placed, not as if by design, but accident. There 
they were in every stage, all over, yet of one type. One sawn 
across explains the whole. The chamber of a shell which 
bores its way into the solid rock or softer shale was clearly 
shown. When the mass lay embedded in the mud it was 
but touched here and there. If it was thin the animal bored 
right through into the sand or clay below, and showed the 
tooth pierced through — a perfectly well-turned and finished 
work, so good they thought it was man’s. But if the mass 
was thick and near the surface, the little mollusc made a 
home entirely within it, and its shell often remains there, and 
reveals the history and manner of formation of the holes. 
To the Miocene and Pliocene have been assigned some bones 
of large sea mammals marked as if cut by implements, and 
some fashioned as if for use as batons, swords, or clubs. Of 
these I have seen some, and in those cases certainly would 
not admit the evidence. There are so many common 
natural accidents that scratch and cut and break, that it 
requires far more accumulative evidence of design in the 
resulting form than any I have seen before we could assume 
man’s agency. Some bones when fossilised break with a clean 
fracture, and show a smooth and even surface. Some of the 
specimens are held to be of doubtful origin, but in the best of 
those that I have seen, though I had no reason to suspect the 
origin, I felt it was too much to say that it was shaped by 
man. 
An account has also been given by the Abbe Bourgeois of 
flints from Pliocene beds at St. Prest, near to Chartres, said 
to be worked by man, but this we may dismiss ou the same 
ground as those before referred to given on the same autho- 
rity 
* Journ. Anthrop. Inst. vol. ii. April, 1872, p. 91, 
t Bourgeois, Congr. Inter. d’Anfhro. 1867, p. 67 
