323 
that as the cliff fell hack by wet or frost, and limestone fragments 
fell over the cave mouth, with them came also masses of clay, 
which, since the glacial times, had laid in hollows in the rock 
above. We dug and found such there, and, more, I observed 
that the clay lay across the mouth as though it had thus 
fallen, and not as if it came direct from glacial ice that pushed 
its way athwart the crag in which the cave occurs. It seemed 
to have fallen obliquely from the side where the fissured rock 
more readily yielded to the atmospheric waste, so that it 
somewhat underlay the part immediately above the cave. 
On the inside the muddy water which collected after flood, 
held back by all this clay, filled every crevice and the inter- 
vals between the fallen limestone rock, while still outside 
was the open talus of angular fragments known as “ screes.” 
These are the most important cases that I know where man 
has been referred to glacial or inter- glacial times; but all, it 
seems to me, quite inconclusive. On the contrary, there is 
much in them, and much besides pointing the other way. In 
support of which opinion I will now offer some independent 
evidence, showing that some similar beds Avith man and the 
beasts that are found Avith him in earliest times can be proved 
to be post-glacial. 
There are river gravels, as near Cambridge, at Barrington 
and Barnwell, Avhiclx contain an ancient group* of mammals, 
earlier, it would appear, than those which most commonly 
occur Avitli man, and yet the gravel in which they are found is 
made up largely of the washings and siftings of the boulder 
clay, which, therefore, Avas more ancient. 
In a cave high in the limestone rocks that overhang the 
Elwy, in North Wales, are found human remains associated 
Avith rhinoceros, hysena and cave-bear; but underneath and in 
the beds in Avhich they lie are found fragments of rocks Avhich 
must have come from other basins, transported by glacial 
agency across the watershed, and washed in Avhere they are 
found, out of the boulder clay, Avhich, therefore, in this case 
also is shown to be more ancient. t We should expect beftme 
the glacial times a somewhat different group, but on this head 
more evidence is wanting. 
I will not Avaste time to discuss whether the objects we refer 
to man noAV found in numbers in post-glacial river gravels are 
really of human Avork.J That isnoAv generally alloAved, and I 
have placed upon the table specimens from some of the more 
* Fisher, Camb. Phil. Soc. February, 1879. 
t Journ. Anthro. Inst, vol iii. 1873. 
I See EA’ans, Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain. 
