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There is also the clearest evidence of the animals having lived and bred, if 
not in the caves, yet in their immediate neighbourhood ; the jaws of the 
hyaenas are those of individuals of every age, — of the young, with the per- 
manent teeth merely beginning to show through the bone, and of the veteran, 
with teeth ground down to stumps. The coprolites also of these animals and 
the bones they have gnawed abounded in some of the caves. 
I think there is strong evidence that man was contemporaneous with the 
now extinct mammalia daring a lengthened period and one marked by impor- 
tant physical changes ; but how long that period was the evidence as yet is 
not forthcoming. 
Some who have written on this subject have spoken of the remains of the 
sheep and goat, and also of iron, as having been found with the bones of the 
Pleistocene animals ; but that they were contemporaneous there is, I think, 
no proof ; the few isolated cases in which they are said to have been found 
together cannot be set against the great mass of evidence as to their non- 
contemporaneity ; and the carelessness of workmen, the accidental fall from 
an overlying deposit, the burrowing of foxes, rabbits, or badgers, might 
very easily account for the few instances brought forward. There seems to 
be every reason to suppose that the sheep, goat, and other domestic animals 
made their first appearance in connection with Neolithic man. 
The chief points which it seems to me require very careful examination as 
to their bearing upon the question of a prolonged antiquity of man, are those 
relating to finds of implements apparently deposited at a time when the 
physical geography of the country was considerably different to what it is at 
present; such finds, for instance, as have been recorded from the drift of 
Hampshire, which is now deeply cut into by numerous streams, and is also 
intersected by the Southampton Water. As far as now appears, those imple- 
ments must have been dropped into that drift at a period antecedent to those 
physical changes which have so cut up the once-uniform sheet of gravel. We 
also require further light to be thrown upon the cases I have already alluded 
to, in which similar finds are recorded from high levels, in localities far 
removed from the sea; and most especially do we want to know something 
more as to the time when the separation of these islands from the Continent 
and from one another took place. The evidence seems very clear that man 
lived in this country with the Pleistocene mammalia before that separation 
was brought about. The abrupt line apparently existing between Paleolithic 
and Neolithic man is very remarkable ; as far as I am aware, no signs of an 
overlap have been discovered. What is the meaning of that sharp demar- 
cation, assuming it to have a real existence? And what length of interval docs 
it imply between the disappearance of one race of man, and the animals 
which were his contemporaries, and the incoming of the newer race P Is it 
not probable that the separation of England from the Continent, with various 
climatal changes, may have filled up the interval? It is to such a break and 
to such changes that wc are led to look for the explanation of the apparently 
sharp transition from the Pleistocene into Prehistoric and recent times ; 
