95 
crrirr, given by Judah as a pledge to Tamar, with its 
twisted cord, must have been the seal-cylinder of Babylonia, 
pierced through its length and attached round the wrist in the 
usual way, which was used by the eastern races, and by them 
introduced into Egypt, although never very common there. 
The religious predilections of Apapi are clearly set forth in 
the Sallier Papyrus : “ The King Apapi chose the god Set for 
his divine master, and he did not serve any of the gods which 
were worshipped in the whole land. He built him a temple 
of beautiful work to last a long time [. . . and the king] 
Apapi (appointed) feasts (and) days to offer (sacrifices) at each 
time to the god Sutech.”* 
This decisive action and the attempt to enforce compliance 
on Ra-Sekenen, who seems to have declared himself equally 
an exclusive worshipper of Amon-Ra, the great god of Thebes, 
led to the war of liberation which that prince began and 
Aahmes completed. 
It is in full accordance with the Papyrus that on the right 
shoulder of each of the sphinxes which Marietta has recovered 
from his great temple at San Apapi has engraven his name 
with the title, “ Beloved of Set/"’ f 
Mariette considers this XVIIth dynasty of Hyksos of San 
to have been KReta,]; Hittites, whose especial god was Sutekh 
or Set. 
If Joseph was highly honoured by a Pharaoh of Hittite 
race, we may well remember the reverence with which his 
great-grandfather Abraham was regarded, both by the 
Amorites, his allies, and the sons of Kheth, from whom he 
bought his ce possession of a burial-place 33 for himself and his 
posterity. I do not know why we should doubt that Josephus 
lineage was known to the Pharaoh. 
The details of the ceremony observed when the Pharaoh 
delegated his authority to Joseph have been much discussed. 
The expression in Gen. xli. 40 : “ At thy mouth shall all 
my people kiss/'’ may be explained in more than one way in 
consonance with Egyptian customs ; not indeed, as was first 
thought, that they should kiss his mouth. 
Sir G. Wilkinson § takes it as referring evidently to the 
custom of kissing a firman. Before the Pharaoh a subject 
would kiss the ground. || The ordinary attitude of submissive 
* Brugsch, Hist., I. 239. T.S.B.A., IV. 263. Ebers, AEg., &c., 205. 
t Mariette, Ayergu, &c., 27, 87. X Ibid- 27. 
§ Anc. Eg., I. 294. || Brugsch, Hist, I. 86. 
