164 
other that of companion .* The great god of Tahiti, Tcieroa, 
formed man of red earth. The Dyaks relate that man was 
modelled from the earth. Elliot ( Polynesian Researches , i. 
180) states, that the Areois of Polynesia painted their faces 
red in their religious ceremonies, and that a tradition in accord- 
ance with that of many American nations said that man had 
been created out of red earth. Catlin, in his History of the 
North American Indians , gives an account of his visit to the 
Red Pipe Stone Quarry (unique in its kind), from which used 
to be procured the material for “ the pipe of peace,” the 
Calumet , all-powerful for its effects in soothing animosities ; 
because the Indians considered it pmt of thevr flesh , and the 
Sioux had a tradition that the Great Spirit moulded a piece 
of it into the first man (others connected it with the Deluge), 
vol. ii. p. 169. It is said to be a sort of Steatite. (Adam 
seems to be from CIS “ to be red-ruddy Ges. Lex.) 
The Chaldeans, says an ecclesiastical author of the first 
centuries of the Christian era, called the first man produced 
from the earth, Adam.f This is partly confirmed by the cunei- 
form inscriptions, but the general form seems to be Admu. 
They say that he lay without movement, without life or breath, 
like to an image of the heavenly Adam, until the latter had 
communicated to him a soul. Amongst the Greeks, Prometheus 
formed man by modelling him from clay, and communicated in- 
telligence to him by imparting fire which he had stolen from 
heaven. In the cosmogony of Peru, { the first man created by 
divine power is called Alpa camasca , or “ animated earth.” 
Still more remarkable is the cosmogony of the Indians of Guate- 
mala in their sacred book, called the Popol Vuh.§ They 
profess to derive the origin of their nation from the East beyond 
the sea; and, with this, the sacred traditions. As translated 
and published in 1861 by I/Abbe Brasseur de Bourbourg, 
these present us with an elaborate description of a chaos 
primordial. If There was nothing but silence, darkness, and 
night. Alone were the Creator, the Former, the Ruler, the 
Serpent covered with feathers, enveloped with green and gold, 
with sacred and mysterious garments. These speak together, 
consult and meditate. As the result of their counsel we have 
the creation. They said, “ Earth,” and at the instant it was 
formed, first appearing as a cloud, then the mountains rising 
like lobsters on the water, these afterwards clothed with 
cypress and pines. Then Gucumatz was filled with joy, which 
* Lenormant, Les Origines de VHistoire , p. 40. 
f Philosophorum, p. 97 ; quoted by Lenormant. 
J Lenormant, Hist., p. 47. § Ibid. p. 40. 
^ See the Popol Vuh, chaps, i. ii. and iii. and Appendix C. 
